Postmodernism &Marketing

Due to its profound effect on individualistic side of consumer and consumption, it is inevitable hat marketing is also affected deeply by postmodernism. Hence, those who would like to make a long run and satisfying profit have to develop at least a basic understanding of the terms â€Å"postmodern† and â€Å"postmodern marketing†. It would be more convenient to give some basic knowledge about postmodernism before explaining its huge effect on the discipline of marketing.According to Encyclopedia Britannica postmodernism is defined as a â€Å"late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining lattice and economic power†. Postmodernism can be viewed as a criticism to 20th century modernism. It is a resistance to modernist ideas such as freedom, progress and liberty. It is much more about destruction of old theories, cr iticizing the modern and its values rather than proposing a solution to give order or something new.As First, Sherry and Venerates argue postmodernist looks for a universally accepted or agreed upon principle; that of tolerance and acceptance of difference. To sum up, while modernism has designed the grand projects to prevent failure, postmodernism as recognized such projects as failures themselves. After a brief explanation about postmodernism, it would be reasonable to give a marketing oriented definition of postmodernism before starting to discuss its huge influence on the discipline of marketing.According to Gerri & Van Iraqi (1998) postmodernism can be defined as † a cultural episode, characterized by a pluralism of styles (of consumption) and ideologies, a need for hyperthermia and self-expression through consumption†. After contemplating on this brief definition, it would not be hard to conclude that postmodernism has had a profound effect on the consumption tatte rs of individuals. Therefore, companies have been forced to take individualistic differences into account and develop strategies based on their own target customer group.However, the influence of postmodernism on marketing and businesses is not limited to the change in consumer preferences or the change in consumption patterns. The structure of an organization, and the organization's relationship with its employees are also affected by the birth and extensive usage of the term postmodernism. To begin with the effect of the term â€Å"postmodernism† on the customer side, it can be argued that it has brought a new phenomenon of postmodern marketing. In the modern marketing, a company generally makes some standardization in terms of what a customer needs, wants or desires by evaluating the society as a whole.In the evaluation process, a majority of them focus on the shared characteristics or personalities of customers and begin to make production and even customization according to a common, shared perspective. Naturally, they have a tendency to ignore customers who have a very different worldview, personality, preference or choice. Thus, those who make production do not have to worry about the diversity of customers in terms of attitudes, perception, personality etc. Since they produce goods and services in massive amounts and then advertise these goods and services to masses.Then, they expect their products to be consumed without any challenge by different consumer demands. This situation is partly a result of homogeneity and masculinity concepts of modernism. However, with postmodernism all these approaches have been affected. Unless having an understanding about the diversity of consumer behavior, a firm might not be able to hose its target customer group correctly, which is a situation that makes its production meaningless, since in the end the product or service might end up with appealing to no one.Also, in today's world companies have to give much importance to different groups such as gays, lesbians, gypsies etc. Since they have become to constitute a portion of the society that is not negligible. In fact those who took a quicker action than others to offer production or services appealing totally to such groups have made enormous profit. Moreover, the masculine culture has been placed by a more feminine culture in many areas of business due to the change in consumption patterns. For example, during ass Marlboro was using fancy letters. Then, it turned out that Marlboro was started being cited as women's cigarette.With this unintended impression, Marlboro immediately changed its letter type and started to use its famous masculine cowboy commercials. If this situation occurred in postmodernist era, most probably a majority of people would criticize Marlboro and stop buying, since Marlboro implicitly suggests that it does not give much value to its women customers. When considering all these, it can be clearly defended that du e to the profound influence of postmodernism on marketing, a vast amount of companies have shifted from forbids, mass consumption based approaches to post-forbids, individualistic based approaches.To continue with the structure of organizations, it might be asserted that before the birth of the term â€Å"postmodernist' most of the companies had adopted the principles of forbids. Believing the quality of stability, homogeneity and control and they followed the rules of a masculine culture. Their organization structures were strictly hierarchical. Hence, there was a significant rower distance among different levels of management. However, after postmodernism came to scene, the effectiveness of the bureaucratic organization culture during turbulent, unpredictable or complex times has been questioned.Many new beneficial concepts such as employee empowerment, flat organization structure have been created and emphasized. Afterwards, organizational design becomes more flat, since it is w idely believed that one of the most significant factors carrying a company to success is the active participation of employees. As the organization becomes more flat, the communication link among different levels of management gets stronger which contributes to the creation of new innovative ideas. Moreover, companies' culture has been changed dramatically with postmodernism.During the ass, ass company environment was homogeneous, outer directed, and factory based, since at those times a majority of firms believed the strength of stability. On the other hand with the postmodernism, company environment has been shifted to heterogeneous, self centered and participatory business culture. The motivation behind this situation is that companies have become to experience that creation of unique ideas in terms of production of goods or services is very much elated with the diversity of employees. Within an organization where everybody has a different personality, preference, perception etc. T would be more likely to make production that fits customers well. Therefore, in today's world those who can manage disorder and variety more effectively have a better chance to serve well and make sufficient profit. To conclude, with the rise of postmodernist ideas, as Stephen (1992) put forward that firms have been forced to prefer disorder to order, surface to depth, past to present, present to future, heterogeneity to homogeneity, plurality to nonsense, differences to similarities, complexity to simplification, rhetoric to logic and individuality to universality.All in all, the term â€Å"postmodern† has profoundly affected the discipline of marketing as it has a deep influence on almost all social and intellectual endeavors such as sociology, philosophy, politics, history, economics etc. With the rise of postmodern marketing, companies have started to give careful consideration not only to the customer differences but also to their own organizational and cultural struc ture. While constructing a more friendly and participatory organizational environment, impasses have started to offer a variety of solutions and answers to the demand of different customer groups.

Case Study-Eating Disorder

Sarah is a sixteen year old girl. She is in the tenth grade and until recently was an optimistic and energetic young girl. Sarah’s mother has began to worry about her lately. Her mother recently found a bottle of diet pills hidden in her room. She has also noticed that Sarah’s behavior has been changing in the past few months. Sarah’s mother is unaware that Sarah’s boyfriend has been reducing her to tears lately by commenting that she has been gaining weight. Her mother has also found her looking in the mirror a lot more than usual. When she looks in the mirror she often sucks in her stomach and is complaining that she is not beautiful. As a result, Sarah has been going off food for days to the point of starvation. Then after days without food she breaks down and eats nearly everything that she can find in her refrigerator. Sarah’s weight has significantly dropped in the past few weeks. It is important to intervene immediately in Sarah’s life and get her help. When individuals with eating disorders get help early on during the disorder there is a high success rate of long-term recovery. Sarah is part of one the highest rated risk groups for eating disorders. People between the ages of ten to twenty-five are at the most risk for developing an eating disorder. Sarah is entering her teenage years and is encountering a lot of changes with her boy and her emotions. Eating disorders are also usually referred to as female diseases. Eating disorders are not limited to females. Sarah is a young women that is starting to feel pressure from her boyfriend to lose weight. Sarah is just beginning to have issue with her weight and food. Individuals with eating disorders often do not recognize that they have a problem or will not admit that they have a problem. The two most common forms of eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia. They are similar to each other and are both very harmful to an individual. Anorexia is characterized by an obsession with weight gain and self-distorted body image. Individuals with anorexia have a body weight that is 85 percent below their normal weight for their height and age. They maintain a low body weight by starving themselves, over-exercising, using diet pills, or vomiting. The effects of this eating disorder are emotional, physical, social, and psychological. It is a very serious disorder. There are two types of anorexia. The restricting type and the bingeing and purging type. When people think of anorexia they most commonly think of the restricting type which is characterized by individuals not participating in any bingeing or purging behaviors. The binging and purging type of anorexia is when the individual does participate in bingeing and purging behaviors by using laxatives, self-inducing vomiting, or over-exercising(DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Bulimia, like anorexia, is characterized by one’s obsession with weight. This type of eating disorder involves an individual having recurrent binge eating followed by purging behaviors. The use of laxatives, diuretics, and other medications help the individual with the purging. Over-exercising and a self-distorted body-image are a large part of bulimia. Persons with bulimia feel they have no self-control over their binges and purges. Their binging and purging behaviors happen often and occur at least once a week for three months (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Eating disorders are very serious and will not typically get better without treatment. It is often difficult to get people with eating disorders to get help, because they don’t think that they have a problem or they are scared of gaining weight. One of the most important aspects of treating anorexia nervosa is to have the patients gain weight and restore nutrition. In some cases their weight can be so low that hospitalization is necessary. In Sarah’s case, and most other cases, she can be treated as an outpatient with therapy. For long-term recovery it is critical to get the person who has an eating disorder help as soon as the problem is obvious. The longer the person with an eating disorder waits to get help the longer it will take to recover and the risk of relapse increases. Anorexia and bulimia can also so a lot of damage to a person’s body physically if it left untreated. This will only make individuals feel worse in the long run because they leave he/she looking and feeling terrible (Holtkamp, Hebebrand, & Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2004). In severe cases of anorexia and bulimia inpatient care is needed. Inpatient care has access to 24-hour a day clinical care and is a very structured environment. This may be just what the patient needs because many times the lives of patients with eating disorders are not very organized. There are ifferent levels of care in the hospital that gives the patients the option to â€Å"step-up† or â€Å"step-down† to. One reason that patients with eating disorders are placed in inpatient care in a hospital is when they also have a psychiatric disorder. Their psychiatric disorder may also require some special care that interferes with an eating disorder. Sarah is not at the point of needing inpatient care. In p atient care is usually only implemented in severe cases of anorexia or bulimia. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most effective types of therapy for bulimia. This type of therapy is highly structured and involves active participation of the patient. This type of therapy focuses on the thoughts and feelings that the patients have about eating and food. One of the main goals is establish a positive relationship with food. Along with establishing a positive relationship with food, cognitive-behavioral therapy focuses on creating a positive self-image and increasing self-esteem. Creating a positive self-image is a vital component in recovery. Cognitive-behavioral therapy emphasizes the importance of consuming regular meals (Mitchell, & Peterson, 1999). In order to determine if the patient is consuming regular meals and snacks he/she keeps detailed journals of what he/she eats and writes self-evaluations. During cognitive-behavioral therapy there are a few other aspects that have been helpful when to use for patients with bulimia. Identifying cues for when the bingeing or purging behaviors are going to occur helps the patient reduce his/her behavior by recognizing the cue and stopping themselves before they binge or purge. Patients with eating disorders do not have a healthy or regular meal schedule. Establishing a normal meal schedule and even a meal plan for what they are going to eat at each meal will help enforce regularity into the patients’ life. Research findings show that cognitive-behavioral therapy is successful in reducing bingeing and purging behaviors in individuals with bulimia nervosa. Reduction rates range from 40 percent to 97 percent (Mitchell, & Peterson,1999). For anorexia nervosa, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been found to be effective when used as individual therapy and group therapy combined. Using group therapy and individual therapy has resulted in a reduction in relapse and symptoms returning. Although it can be used for anorexia nervosa it is not the most effective treatment option for anorexia nervosa, but it is one of the most effective or bulimia. One problem with cognitive-behavioral therapy is that at the end of this therapy many patients still have some symptoms; that increases the risk for a relapse in the future. Nutritional counseling is an essential part of treatment for eating disorders. It can be done with the counselor that they are seeing for their cognitive-behavioral therapy or it can be a completely different counselor that is specialized in dietary nutrition. During nutritional therapy the patient learns about the importance of healthy eating. The patient is also taught about the effects on his/her mental and physical health when they deprive their body of the basic nutritional needs. Teaching patients’ to have a positive relationship with food is one of the most important aspects of treatment for individuals with eating disorders, because if he/she keeps a negative view of food then they will not be able to gain weight. Nutritional counseling sets up a new diet that includes the patient keeping a daily journal of what they eat. During nutritional counseling the patients’ learn that they need to eat food to be able to live and that they can eat food without feeling bad about themselves. Group therapy provides a supportive network of individuals who have the same eating disorder to share time and experiences with one another. During group therapy individuals can discuss their goals for the future, ways to change his/her behaviors, and alternate coping strategies. Group therapy for individuals with anorexia and bulimia is not always the most effective form of treatment. There are several advantages and disadvantages in group therapy. Group therapy allows individuals to share and teach about their own experiences with their eating disorder. Group therapy many not be appropriate for all individuals, but for those whom it is, they seem to benefit greatly. Patients with eating disorders often feel rejected by their families and friends, and when they are with other patients who are suffering from eating disorders then they will gain acceptance and feel cared about. Forming friendships with other patients in the group can help prevent a binge or take someone out of a depressed mood by a making a simple phone call. However, individuals with eating disorders also suffer from anxiety and are closed off to others, so putting them in a group therapy may not be that effective (Holtkamp, Hebebrand, & Herpertz-Dahlmann, 2004). They will not be willing to cooperate and share with others. Also, one cannot force individuals to be part of a group therapy and many people will not volunteer to be part of a group. One concern that therapists have with group therapy is that patients can get negative ideas from each other. For example if one patient is unaware of a type of medication that is used to induce vomiting he/she may try this as a new method. Patients may, also feel too much pressure from the other individuals in the group and withdraw themselves from the rest of the group and lie about their progress. Patients with anorexia and bulimia often show a low level in serotonin (Ferguson, La Via, & Crossan, 1999). Low levels of serotonin are often associated with depressive disorders and anxiety disorders. Many individuals who are suffering from an eating disorder such as anorexia or bulimia are also diagnosed with an anxiety or depressive disorder. Some of these disorders include social phobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, major depressive disorder, dysthmic disorder, and substance abuse. Medication is often used in treating anorexia and bulimia, because of the cormobidity with other mental disorders. The main purposes of using medication are to treat other psychiatric conditions, reduce sensitivity to stress, reduce anxiety and weight restoration. Medications have shown to be effective in these areas. Medication should not be the only type of treatment for an individual with an eating disorder. When using medication with another type of therapy, such a cognitive-behavioral or family therapy, should be implemented. The use of medication in the treatment for anorexia has not shown significant effects(Ferguson, La Via, & Crossan, 1999). When the use of fluoxetine, an antidepressant, was combined with nutritional and behavioral treatment, it has shown some effects in preventing relapse. It did not improve the mood or stimulate appetite in individuals. It has been shown to be most effect in the treatment of anorexia once there has been some weight gain and improvement in self-esteem. The use of pharmacology is much more promising for patients with bulimia. It doesn’t work for everyone with bulimia, but the use of antidepressants has resulted in significant reduction in bingeing and purging behaviors. The most popular form of antidepressants used are SSRI’s and Prozac has shown the best results for reducing behaviors associated with bulimia. When using medication for the treatment of anorexia and bulimia is important to follow several guidelines to protect the patients’ health. Doing a medical background check of the patient and his/her family health is important before beginning the patient in any type of medication. The use of medication should not take place until after nutritional rehabilitation has begun and the patient has already chosen another form of therapy to participate in while he/she is taking medication. A treatment method that is often overlooked is self-help. It is often overlooked because it very few medical professionals are involved in this type of treatment. This method involves the patient with an eating disorder becoming part of a group that is composed of people who have eating disorders or joining a community group that will have a high level of support. Support is one of the most important aspects that a person with an eating disorder needs in his/her life in order to have long-term success and a low relapse rate. There are many self-help groups for patients with eating disorders all over the world that are committed to helping individuals recover from an eating disorder. Self-groups may not be for everyone. It is important for individuals with an eating disorder to also have support from the people that are important in his/her life. Family and friends are the people that they interact with everyday and it is essential for the patient to have support from people that they are in contact with on a daily basis. Having support from family members is very helpful in treatment. Since family members are the people that the patient is most likely around the most it is important for them to understand the therapy process and be there for their family member when he/she needs them. In many cases, the family members and the way that a family functions can be part of the reason that the patient has developed an eating disorder. Most cases of eating disorders do not have direct causes because of the patients’ issues with food and weight. Problems within the family is one of the top causes for eating disorders. Family therapy is a popular option for patients with eating disorders the main goal of family therapy is to reduce family dysfunction and reorganize the family to help with the reduction of dysfunction. Family therapy involves the participation of the entire immediate family. During family therapy the role of the therapist is to provide the family with communication skills, conflict resolution skills, and support skills. Teaching family members how to have realistic expectations for one another and to develop strong and united relationships is another important aspect of the family. Family therapy is especially important to use with children and adolescents.

Canterbury Tales And Lady Bath Essay

Canterbury Tales And Lady Bath Essay Many characters in The Canterbury Tales are only described in the smallest detail. Only a handful are given a physical description and even fewer are actually given names to go by. A character that has a most descriptive detail and also one, whom has a name, is Alice, the Wife of Bath. This majestic lady is very proud of what she has accomplished in life. Also, to defend her ways she uses logic and reason, Chauncer also, never judges her like he does to many other characters, but lets her speak for herself. Although one would imagine the Lady of Bath to be ashamed of her way of life, she simply is not. With her four dead ex-husbands, she has received plenty of money and valuables. While married, Chauncer gives the impression that Alice also had many affairs. These affairs have almost definitely added to her personal wealth. Married now to her fifth husband, who is much younger, because of love and not just dependent on how much money he has. Throughout Alices storytelling, the characters tend to attack her. She simply comes back using simple logic and reasoning. Her basic method of thinking is that if god did not want one to have sex, he would not of given the human race the ability to do so. The ladies behaviour is also very up-front and she enjoys talking a great deal. Yet with having this sort of an attitude, it gives the reader a real look at one of the most described and interesting characters that Chauncer writes about. Most other characters from The Canterbury Tales are judged by Chauncers personal standards and the standards from that particular time period. Alice, the Wife of Bath however, is not judged like this. Chauncer lets the reader decide how to judge her and create her image. He also uses very little irony and sarcasm when he, and other characters talk about Alice. Chauncer simply lets the reader decide how to judge her from telling of her behaviour that was most unusual for that time period. The reader can easily create an accurate judgment of her, mainly because of her up-front attitude towards many aspects of life. As seen, the great Alice, Wife of Bath, is proud of her lifestyle and will go to great lengths to defend it. She is also the only character that the reader can judge for himself or herself with little input from Chauncer. Perhaps being the most described character from the novel gives one the impression that she could also be one of the most important. Her introduction in the prologue, which is one of the longest, also indicated this. All of these characteristics combined; let one visualize a grand picture of this lady.

Macroeconomics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Macroeconomics - Assignment Example Conversely, a major concern with the growth is whether it is sustainable which brings into focus two important factors. This includes the emerging countries ability to maintain a stable growth, and whether the global economy can sustain the growth evident in emerging countries. It is important to note that while emerging countries can maintain their stable growth, this growth cannot be accommodated by the global economy. As a result of emerging countries still undertaking the process of catching up in terms of growth, these countries still need to engage in a continuous and a challenging structural change. Other changes that emerging countries still need to tackle emerge in the areas of reforms and also institution building (Lachman 65). While emerging countries are better placed to a progressive growth in a global economy impacted negatively by crises in developed countries, the decoupling seems to be incomplete. In essence, a reasonable growth of the world economy still needs the d eveloped countries. This is important in terms of accommodating the increased growth and the prominence of the emerging countries. ... The lack of such a change may result in a trend of a recurrent global economic turmoil without any firmness in stabilizing the world’s economy. The consequence of the crisis would involve emerging countries leading the way by playing a role in a global economy struggling with protracted rehabilitation related to the over-stretched balance sheets in developed countries (Lachman 66). In addition, the increased growth and development in emerging countries means that these countries in the long run may create a strain on the world’s financial system. As time progresses, it is likely that the global supply of capital will not meet its demand in regard to capital, and the intended level related to the investment needs to finance various projects. In the world economy, today, the rates related to household savings have dwindled in developed countries, and the aging population may not reverse such a trend. Conversely, the effort by emerging countries such as China in rebalancin g its economy to improve consumption appears to impact negatively on the global saving (Atale 18). Is austerity an appropriate answer to deal with excessive public debt? Austerity is not an appropriate answer to deal with excessive public debt since it results in numerous consequences for the economy. Austerity, in other quarters is viewed as expansionary by focusing on cutting spending and not increasing tax. Budgets cuts which are aimed in reducing interest rates and stimulating private borrowing and other investments is seen to change expectations regarding future tax burdens, but this is doubtful. In essence, austerity instead of bringing expansion,

Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 8 - The Essay - 1

Organizational Innovation and Change - Critical Thinking Mod 8 - The Challenger and Columbia Shuttle Disasters - Essay Example Both the Challenger and Columbia shuttle disasters were a result of weak organizational cultures along with other critical factors. After the Challenger disaster of 1986, the Rogers Commission came up with a number of recommendations for NASA which included a restructuring of the management structure as well as a change in the organizational culture in order to carry out a more centralized decision making for effective safety measures. As a result of these measures and recommendations, NASA changed its organizational culture by focusing more on the implementation of safety measures and by assigning more professionals for these safety and quality assurance measures. However, the aftermath of the Columbia disaster revealed that NASA was unable to sustain these effective changes as it had actually implemented downsizing policies in response to a lack of funding. Instead, of employing specialized and trained labor from within the company for these delicate and critical safety measures, NASA instead resorted to outsourcing these responsibilities. Furthermore, the emphasis on the safety measures was reduced as the pol icies were directed towards cost reduction rather than on development and safety measures. The policies adopted relied on the past success of NASA and the problems associated with safety, rather than researched upon, were ignored. Instead of scheduling meetings for further improvements and developments, the management focused on short term operations. In order to gain competitive advantage and sustain effective changes in the organization, it is important to invest in long term opportunities and carry out long term planning. It was also observed that NASA missed a number of signals and if these would have acknowledged, the disasters of Challenger and Columbia could have been avoided (Oberg, J. 2013). NASA also faced problems in terms of its hierarchy and organizational control.

Teenage Alcoholism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Teenage Alcoholism - Research Paper Example However, when excessive drinking and drinking binges are resorted to, that’s when the trouble starts. A drinking binge can actually lead to alcohol poisoning which can kill a person. â€Å"Alcoholism is a disease that develops over time. It can be treated, but not cured† (Graves 18). II. Causes/Sources Most teens drink alcohol because of peer pressure and want to feel accepted by their close buddies. They feel that if their friends do it, they should too. Sometimes, they want to fit in to the group to achieve popularity in school and be branded as â€Å"cool†. On the other hand, â€Å"many teens drink hoping to find relief from boredom, loneliness, anger, unhappiness or pressure. While the other teenagers perceive drinking as a sign of maturity† (Graves 15). The feeling of maturity gives the teens a temporary license to do whatever they please. Teens are also influenced by the adults surrounding them. Even as young children, when they see their parents are engage in alcohol abuse, they tend to become like them in the future. â€Å"They have a misconception that drinking is an acceptable norm as they see it inside their homes†(Graves 16). Trouble in the home which often times lead to family conflicts, pushes the teens to become alcoholics. Another valid cause which can heavily influence teens is a captivating and luring advertisement. Teens are generally attracted to what they see on television, on the internet, on magazines or even while listening to rock music. Media plays a major role to sway a teen-ager’s choice. â€Å"Television programs an movies often portray drinking in a positive vein, too† (Hyde 13). Most of the time, teens make the wrong options because they do things for the off beam reasons. They are only guided by the way... Most teens drink alcohol because of peer pressure and want to feel accepted by their close buddies. They feel that if their friends do it, they should too. Sometimes, they want to fit into the group to achieve popularity in school and be branded as â€Å"cool†. On the other hand, â€Å"many teens drink hoping to find relief from boredom, loneliness, anger, unhappiness or pressure. While the other teenagers perceive drinking as a sign of maturity† (Graves 15). The feeling of maturity gives the teens a temporary license to do whatever they please.Teens are also influenced by the adults surrounding them. Even as young children, when they see their parents are engaged in alcohol abuse, they tend to become like them in the future. â€Å"They have a misconception that drinking is an acceptable norm as they see it inside their homes†(Graves 16). Trouble in the home which often times lead to family conflicts pushes the teens to become alcoholics.Teens are generally attra cted to what they see on television, on the internet, on magazines or even while listening to rock music. Media plays a major role to sway a teenager's choice. â€Å"Television programs movies often portray drinking in a positive vein, too† (Hyde 13). Most of the time, teens make the wrong options because they do things for the off beam reasons. They are only guided by the way that they feel at the certain moment and fail to use logical basis before arriving at a decision. Examples of these are the fraudulent advertisements which promise joy and pleasure.

The second language teaching Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

The second language teaching - Research Proposal Example In this light, this paper discusses the design, use and aims of a set of integrated skills materials that have been designed to teach and reinforce the future tense to a group of six students, aged 16-17, who are preparing the Cambridge Certificate of Advanced English (CAE) examination for speakers of other languages (ESOL). The skills covered will range from listening to speaking, and from reading to writing in a ninety-minute session. The learning environment is a small English language institute for non-native speakers (NNS) of English with a modern language laboratory, equipped with a teacher's terminal and twelve individual student terminals. Each student terminal consists of a desk and an internet-enabled computer. The desk is wooden, on the face of which are call buttons to the teacher's terminal, adequate writing space and a mouse, as well as a glass screen giving visibility to the monitor beneath. To one side of the desk is the central processing unit (CPU), providing access to features such as a headset, CD and diskette-drives for individual practice. The teacher's terminal has the same features with additional buttons for her to monitor and assign tasks. In addition, the lab has a whiteboard, flip charts, large television, DVD-player and slide projector, and is next door to the document centre, which has subscriptions to many English language publications. These resources facilitate the employment of a v ariety of integrated materials in facilitating maximum and optimal language acquisition and practice (Levy, 1997). The laboratory offers the learners to opportunity to be immersed in English through a maximum of methods, and accounts in part for their relative ease with the language at their level. Hinkel and Fotos (2002) in their book, New Perspectives in Grammar Teaching in Second Language Classrooms, trace the change in attitudes to and perspectives about effective grammar pedagogy, showing how teachers have moved from textbook delivery and memorization of grammatical rules and structure, through audio-lingual, then functional, then cognitive, then to communicative language teaching (Allwright, 1979, 1990), particularly in L2 contexts (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, pp. 2-4). The latter approach and its offshoot humanistic approach, developed to correct the problem of learners who "knew grammar rules but could not use the target language communicatively, and others [who] urgently needed immediate survival competency in English" (Hinkel and Fotos, 2002, p. 4). These approaches saw formal language teaching being superceded by "natural" acquisition through real communication, by means of exposure to a variety of language uses, namely listening, reading, speaking and writing.

Determining How Costs Behave Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Determining How Costs Behave - Research Paper Example The purpose of this assignment is to study the behavior of fixed, variable and total cost at different level of business activities. The behavior of cost is related to the level of business activity (â€Å"Identifying Cost Behavior†, n.d.). It implies that a change in business activity exerts influence on the parameters of the above equation. This reaction of it is called cost behavior. Some costs may stay same, and others may change proportionally in response to a change in business activity. That is why; for managers of a company, it is necessary to understand how a cost reacts to a change in the business activity. This knowledge helps managers to determine future profit from a new product, prepare a forecast and create a budget (Horngren, Sunden, Schatzberg, & Burgstahler, 2012). From the perspective of cost behavior, there are three type of costs: fixed, variable, and mixed. Fixed are those costs that do not change due to the change of level of activity. However, fixed cost, if expressed per unit basis, varies inversely due to the change of level of activity (Caplan). Some of the examples of fixed costs are salaries, rent, and property taxes. Variable are those costs that change due to the change of level of activity. It is constant per unit. In linear equation, variable costs vary linearly with the change of level of activity. Variable costs, by definition, are considered as cost drivers (Horngren, Sunden, Schatzberg, & Burgstahler, 2012). Cost drivers also demonstrate cause and effect relationship between the level of an activity and costs related to that activity (â€Å"Types of Cost Behavior†, n.d.). Some of the examples of variable costs are direct material, direct labor, and sales commission. Mixed are those costs that have both fixed and varia ble components. The discussion above can be expressed as Total cost = Total fixed cost + Total variable cost. From this equation, we can

Intercultural Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Intercultural Communications - Essay Example This also explains the communal nature of Chinese, their lives are relatively settled and this reliance on agriculture accounts for their attachment to the earth. Furthermore, the Chinese language is seen to adopt ancient characters that are names of natural botanical plants (Wu). Being Chinese is perceived as a cultural identity rather than a matter of race, implying that anyone of a different descent who abides by their cultural values and norms can be called Chinese. From an informal aspect, the Chinese refer to themselves as sons of Han, which is the majority ethnic population in the country. Overall, there are 56 ethnic groups but overtime the 55 have come to be assimilated to the Han group. Moreover, the Mandarin dialect identifiable with the Han and their administrative system has been made official by the Chinese government. This implies that all Chinese must familiarize themselves with these; however, there are legal systems in place that protect the minorities. Their existence is important to the overall Chinese population because of the territories they are found in, and the cultural relations they have with neighboring countries such as North Korea, Thailand and Kazakhstan. Therefore, the Chinese government must acknowledge their existence to avoi d any threats to their national security (â€Å"Chinese Cultural Studies†). Personally, I belong to the Bai ethnic community that originates from Southwest China particularly from Yunnan province. My ancestors occupied the Yunnan-Guizhou region that features many rivers including Nujiang and Lancang. Combined with the large tracts of land and dense forests, the river valleys present in this region provided for abundance in fruits and produce; in general a stunning landscape. Our ancestors clad in white sheepskin which resulted to our title Bai as it means white men while the language they

ASPECT OF COMPLIANCE TO TREATMENT IN RELATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE Essay

ASPECT OF COMPLIANCE TO TREATMENT IN RELATION TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES - Essay Example The present era witnesses a great deal of stress in every aspect of life. This results in increased incidence of hypertension, or cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Stress also induces dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Research and various clinical findings formulate that appropriate treatment is essential to decrease the incidence of morbidity and mortality happening due to all these ailments. It is essential to understand that all these conditions require lifelong treatment. Compliance with medicine is most essential to procure health benefits and to curtail the forthcoming consequences in terms of economic burden, wastage of time and money and other associated diseases with these ailments (Putzer, 2004). The present era witness a remarkable mount in occurrence and pervasiveness of type 2 diabetes in both pediatric and adult groups due to outbreak of overweight resulting in obesity, sedentary life style, resistance towards insulin and other metabolic conditions. It is therefore imperative to screen patients who show high-risk for diabetes and pre-diabetes. This step not only ensures on time diagnosis and exact classification but also ensures rapid onset of treatment and hence decreased risk for complications (Putzer, 2004). In order to avoid these complications it is essential that lifestyle modifications encompassing, modifications in diet, loss of weight and an appropriate schedule of physical exercise to sustain glycemic control. When these interventions fail then oral anti-diabetic agents are added as a part of regimen. It is established that type 2 diabetes cases require insulin therapy. When insulin or its analog is administered, there is a decrease in hypoglycemia. In severe cases when oral agents are also not able to procure enough control over the glycemic index, insulin therapy is given (Putzer, 2004). The situation

Covey Principles Essay Example for Free

Covey Principles Essay In a society where everything is quick-fix and modeled after the fast food restaurant it is no surprise that corporate America faces the current dilemma of failing management and disinformation. Covey reminds us we must be willing to get personally involved with our job, life, family, and so on. This essay will discuss four principles needed not only in business but everyday life as well; Security, Guidance, Wisdom, and Power. Security does not mean what it used to twenty years ago. In times past, a hand shake could seal a business deal. Now, there are multiple copies of signed pages holding each party to their word. Also, a man was as good as his word in years gone by. Today it is more difficult to establish some level of trust enough to do business on a long term basis. Identity and personal integrity are just a couple of the issues that have to be proven to potential business partners. Identity plays such an important role in every day life that if we are not yet established as a person who knows themselves others will take notice. Not only is it difficult to perform in the business world, but the lack of this character trait can significantly hurt any personal relationship we hope to gain. There are various degrees of security which are, for the most part, dictated to us by the circumstance in life. However, being human, we have the ability to control how our integrity is substantiated. If we are careful when approaching this aspect of our daily lives we will soon be known as a person others can trust. This is security. Not just security for business prospects, but in the day to day grind of every-man-for-himself it will be the defining factor of all of our relationships. We can gain a great deal of insight on life if we develop a secure lifestyle. This mode of living guides us to the next principle of the four I mentioned above. The direction we receive in life is also a choice we make and comes from all the different forms of information that we allow to infiltrate our minds. It is inevitably this that shapes who we become. Covey recognizes this and offers a lot of practical insights for those who are brave enough to live life to its fullest. A person can live either on the low, middle, or the high end of this continuum. The low ultimately causes an individual to focus on themselves and what’s in it for them. Self-centered people are an example of this end of the continuum. Those focusing on traditions or human institutions are the result of the middle continuum. Then there are people who are inspired and inspire others to reach their potential in life. We choose the type of guidance we follow. Some may think that circumstance dictates their guidance, but it is impossible for anyone to be on a certain level of the continuum without consciously choosing to do so. We may not want to accept that as a truth, but the proof is easily seen by the manner of our lives. People who try to control the information shaping their lives are the people Covey calls wise. To have balance in life is to be able to see things as they really are and not to allow the facade of humanistic attitudes to dictate our life responses. Everything from inaccurate life maps to fuzzy principles will make fools of us all, and will be the source of all our frustrations. Judgment and comprehension can add a level of success in life that is measured not by income alone, but also by friends and family relationships. Things that might bring temporary pleasure are fleeting and the wise seek pleasure that is true joy. Joy gives an ability to adjust to life and recognize any power that we might possess. Power is only a good thing if coupled with wisdom and can be described as the authority with which we act. The best way to see if the power you exercise is truly helpful is to hear others’ opinions of you. While it is not recommended that you live your life or change any aspect of it by the things you hear, it can bring satisfaction or warning if rightly interpreted. People with power are demonstrative, yet not in an offensive manner. The true character of man is best told when he is alone. This is where the true power an individual possesses is recognized. These four principles; security, guidance, wisdom, and power, have given many people a large number of satisfying days at work and at home. I like to think they have influenced my life to enable me to make logical, sensible and wise choices knowing that these choices will determine my lot in life. At this venture of my life, though, it is wisdom that dictates where I go intellectually and helps me choose those things that are wholesome and right for me. Even with all the mistakes I make in life, wisdom continues to grow in me and helps guide future actions. References Covey, Stephen R. (October 1, 1992). Principle Centered Leadership. 1st edition. New York, NY: Fireside, imprint of Simon Schuster.

Dance essay Essay Example for Free

Dance essay Essay Dance is a well admired art form and sport that is performed by many groups, cultures, and religions all around the world. There are many different types of dance that are available for people that have a great amount of energy, dedication and motivation. Dancers must be exceedingly athletic, have the stamina to practice for hours, and be able train and preform in very competitive environments, just like many well-known sports. Plenty of people believe that dance is just a form of art and is not a sport, they are wrong, dance is both an art and a sport. All athletes must be in best physical shape to succeed in their own sport. Dancers not only need muscle strength and physical endurance, like most sports, they also need flexibility, coordination, agility, and balance. Dancers also need mental endurance. They need to stay calm under pressure, keep focus, rebound quickly if they make mistakes, and most importantly need they have to make everything look beautiful and effortless, even if they are in pain. Athletes must prepare for each and every event they participate in. Dancers must face incredibly long hours of conditioning, rehearsals, and never-ending repetition of movements and steps to get ready for a performance. Many people cannot handle the amount of work that goes into any single movement a dancer must perform. In football, if a player not playing the right position that they were assigned, it can affect the team’s overall performance, just like in dance. Dancers have to focus on their position of their feet, arms, what moves to do and also where they are supposed to be, and if any are off it is very noticeable and can mess up the whole routine. Dance, just like any other sport, is competitive and the goal is to win and preform the best they can. Also, dancers can get injured if they move in a wrong way. There are dozens of injuries that can happen in football while there are just as many in dance. For example, dancers have the potential to fracture a bone in their foot by not landing a jump properly or could paralyze themselves if they fall when they are on pointe shoes. As you can see, there are many reasons why dance is a sport, as well as it is an art. The definition of a sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Dancers train for hours, they compete against people to win and it takes lots of blood, sweat, and tears. So for the people who don’t think dance is a sport, they are incorrect.

Tescos Strategic Management Processes: SWOT Analysis

Tescos Strategic Management Processes: SWOT Analysis Introduction: Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen in 1919 when he started to sell surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London from which he earned a profit of  £1 from sales of  £4 on his first day. After 10 years, in 1929, Jack Cohen opened his first Tesco Store in Burnt Oak, Edgware, North London (http://www.tescoplc.com). Strategic management theory â€Å"Strategic management refers to the art of planning the business at the highest possible level. It is the duty of the companys leader or leaders to implement the strategic management focuses on building a solid essential structure to your business that will consequently be fleshed out through the collective labours of every individual was employed† (www.allbusiness.com). Strategic management hinges upon answering three key questions: What are the businesss objectives? What are the best ways to achieve those objectives? What resources are required to make that happen? (www.allbusiness.com) Strategic business environment PESTEL Analysis of Tesco: Political Factors: Tesco is now operating in seven countries in the Europe including the UK, the Republic of Ireland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, Poland and Turkey. It also operates in the South East Asia including China, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Thailand (www.tescoplc.com). Tesco perform according to the political and legislative rules of all of these countries. With the influence of the Governments employment legislation Tesco employs following the equal opportunity employment policy (Doyle 1987). For employment legislations, the government encourages retailers to provide a mix of job opportunities from flexible, lower-paid and locally-based jobs to highly-skilled, higher-paid and centrally-located jobs (Balchin, 1994). Economical Factors: The economic environment includes interest rates, inflation, business cycles, unemployment, disposable income and energy availability and cost (Kaplan, 2007). Keeping these factors in mind Tesco implemented the strategy of marketing mix to continue the steady growth in the UK local market and in the International business. In the recent credit crunch due the high unemployment levels Tesco tried to keep the price of the most of the products in the range of the customers by lowering the cost and the profit (http://ivythesis.typepad.com). Social or Cultural Factors: Social factors change the buying behaviour of the customers. Like the British customers moved towards bulk shopping to get cheaper unit price. Due to female workers in the city areas the big retail shops increases ready meal to the office going customers. They may also include changes in the demographic make-up of a population (Kaplan, 2007). In Thailand, customers are used to shopping at traditional wet markets, interacting with vendors and rummaging through piles of produce to choose what they want. Rather than adopting the Western approach of neatly packaged, convenient portions, Tescos Rama IV store in Bangkok tries to meet local customers expectations (www.tescoplc.com). Technological Factors: Technological factors changed the retailing methods, like direct selling through cash or Debit/Credit card from in-store and/ via internet. Tesco stores use the following technologies all over the world: Integrated link-up computers within the stores Electronic shelf labelling Self check-out to reduce the queue of the customers Barcode reader for every products Electronic point of sale Electronic Funds Transfer Systems Environmental/ Ecological Factors: Tesco encourages re-using the shopping bags, plastic bottles, paper boxes and other recyclable products by gaining more and more club card points. This include product stewardship, which considers all raw materials, components and energy sources used in the product and how more environmentally friendly substitutes could be used (Kaplan, 2007). Tesco also like to sell the organic foods to the customers in their affordable price range. f) Legal Factors: â€Å"Various government legislations and policies have a direct impact on the performance of Tesco. For instance, the Food Retailing Commission (FRC) suggested an enforceable Code of Practice should be set up banning many of the current practices, such as demanding payments from suppliers and changing agreed prices retrospectively or without notice† (Mintel Report, 2004). â€Å"The presence of powerful competitors with established brands creates a threat of intense price wars and strong requirements for product differentiation. The governments policies for monopoly controls and reduction of buyers power can limit entry to this sector with such controls as license requirements and limits on access to raw materials† (Mintel Report, 2004; Myers, 2004). In order to implement politically correct pricing policies, Tesco offers consumers a price reduction on fuel purchases based on the amount spent on groceries at its stores. While prices are lowered on prom oted goods, prices elsewhere in the store are raised to compensate.† (www.ivoryresearch.com) SWOT analysis of Tesco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strengths TESCO have protected commercial standing in the place of global market and achieved Retailer of the Year 2008 at the â€Å"World Retail Awards†. It may be used for marketing campaigns to get advantage for future development and sustainability. Where global retail sales are declining, TESCO have announced sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets (www.businessteacher.org.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses TESCO Finance income levels were affected by bad debt, credit card arrears and household insurance claims. Grocer outlets are not set up to activate as expert retailers in specific areas of product that can be capitalised on by other smaller customized retailers. TESCO is a low price leader in UK markets which can lead to reduced profit (www.businessteacher.org.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities TESCO is the third largest global grocer that indicates a level of retail power to ensure conventional economies of scale. The acquirement of Homever provides the prospect to develop the brand through Asia, particularly South Korea and further grow International markets for TESCO. The development of Tesco Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology, providing the launch pad for larger non food based items with reasonable to high margin profits and less focus on sales and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have developed  ¼ million clients in 2008 and encouraged into profitable status suggesting further growth and expansion within this technological area can be developed (www.businessteacher.org.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threats UK and American markets have been affected by economic concerns through the â€Å"credit crunch†. Lower available profits will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced fundamental products with less focus on higher priced brands telling a switch in price architecture. Growing raw material costs from both food and non food will affect overall profit margins. Require further analysis for changes to consumer buying manner because technology develops consumer buying habit and it is need to evaluation (www.businessteacher.org.uk).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategic capability of Tesco Strategic capability is quite simply the capacity of a business to continue to exist, grow and deliver future importance. Clarity of thinking and action in objectives and strategy; evidence of strategy in action and strategic progress in operational attainment; sensitivity to the future and to the impact of convenient and uncontainable trends and factors upon future performance; venture in capital, strengths and less concrete drivers of value; and, an approach to social ethical and environmental matters that is important to the strategy of the business (www.futurevalue.co.uk)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Expectation and purpose Tescos main purpose is to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty Tesco believes that it continually demonstrate that it is good at getting things done, good at ‘what it does, and it takes pride in being good at the way in which it achieve the target (www.tesco.com). As an example, Tescos shares were trading at 369.6p in the month of August 2009, increased to 421p mid of the month of January 2010 which shows the reliability of Tesco in the share market. Numerous analysts stated that with a good sales performance in the UK with its loyal brand, Tesco observer can now get on with looking at the big picture (www.telegraph.co.uk). There is far more to Tesco than UK shops it has stores in more than a dozen other countries, has a sizeable and growing banking arm and a large non-food operation. Analysts believed that the year 2010 will be a good year for Tesco. They expected that Tescos massive investment in its overseas operations will start to pay off within that year. Encouraging growth in Asia and the US was reported over Christmas 2009 and the chain will open its long-anticipated venture in India in the year 2010 (www.bbc.co.uk). It is pushing on with an ambitious expansion in China too. These two markets presented a strong opportunity for the retail chain. Tesco had also invested millions of pounds in the Information Technology platforms for its fledgling banking arm, which is set to launch current accounts which is expected to become a significant source of the revenue (www.telegraph.co.uk)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Strategic choose of Tesco   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Business level strategy Tesco has a well-established and consistent strategy for growth, which has allowed the organisation to strengthen its core UK business and drive extension into new markets. The grounds for the strategy is to widen the scope of the business to enable it to deliver strong sustainable long-term growth by following the customer into large expanding markets at home such as financial services, non-food and telecoms and new markets abroad, initially in Central Europe and Asia, andmore recentlyin the United States (www.tescoplc.com). The strategy of Tesco had diversified the business was laid down in 1997 and has been the foundation of Tescos success in recent years. The new businesses had been shaped and developed over the last 12 years from the year 1997. As part of the strategy which established Tesco as a market leader in many of its markets inside and outside of the UK. The Group has continued to make good advancement with the strategy, which has five elements, reflecting its four est ablished areas of focus, and also Tescos long-term commitments on community and environment (Lowe, 2009). The objectives of the strategy are as followed: â€Å"To be a successful international retailer To grow the core UK business To be as strong in non-food as in food. To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms and Tesco.com To put community at the heart of what we do† (www.tescoplc.com). Corporate level and international The full appearance of international retailing is not as simple as it may happen within a short period of time; it requires a long term approach. Over more than ten years of experience overseas, Tesco has stated a strategy based on six elements: Be flexible Act local Maintain focus on a few countries Use multi-formats Develop capability Build brands (www.Tescocorporate.com) By the year of 2002 Tesco was operating 174 stores in Eastern Europe and Asia, most of them hypermarkets; they represented 42 per cent of the groups total selling space. As it was presented that the UK remained by far the most important source of Tescos profits, and the aim was to keep ahead through innovation with unique differentiation was a prize that can only be won by continually being first. Tesco has followed its customers into the growing world of retailing services. Its aim was to bring simplicity and value to complex markets (www.tescofinance.com). Change management within Tesco Tesco has become Britains most successful food retailer, send-off most of its competitors in its rising. It was predicted in the year of 1999, a decade before that the company was regarded as falling behind. In order to be a success, the company had to build bigger and better stores, place higher priority on customer services, change management attitudes and revise their store culture (www.orsoc.org.uk). A pilot programme exposed in a research that the stores and store managers were performing at a lower level than their competitors. As an example the store managers performance was 75 per cent below that of other retail managers. Between Tesco and Verax, one of the World Leader in Business Performance Information, Diagnostic, Measurement Support Systems, designed a development programme for all store managers and departmental managers in the stores of Tesco to put into practice a programme to measure their performance and the Stores performance. The measure covered five areas: â€Å"Managers attitudes Managers management skills Retail-specific skills, including customer service The rewards system used (e.g. praise and recognition of pay/bonus) The store culture† (www.orsoc.org.uk). Now a days Tesco had developed its own in-house materials as the next move on from the Verax model. It is clear that the cultural changes taking place within Tesco as a whole are continuing. After the inter-company surveys held in the year 1993 cross functional workshops have been stopped now and the line managers are taking on the progression themselves (www.orsoc.org.uk). Corporate culture of Tesco Corporate culture is one of the main determinants of achievement or disappointment in a business development practice, because it mainly determines how flexible, accommodating of change and pioneering a company tends to be (www.itchybrainscentral.com). Fairfield-Sonn (2001: 36) â€Å"provided a four-layer model of corporate culture which includes cultural artefacts, cultural history, core ideology and core values that helps to quantify and describe the corporate culture of an organization. Therefore, Tescos corporate culture can be resolute from its corporate responsibility statements, which describe its main values and core ideologies as well as some aspects of cultural artefacts. Tescos corporate culture priorities allowed the company to consider opening stores in areas where native supermarkets were hesitant to go, and to provide services to the area that the local providers either couldnt or didnt consider. Thus, they opened stores in underserved regions, not only allowing them to express their core ideals, but also providing an opportunity to enter an almost untapped market. Although native retailers have twisted to enter the markets in which Tesco is now providing services in the United States, Tesco will continue to have the advantage in terms of the markets it has already entered; it also has a corporate culture that encourages the extension and service of these areas† (www.itchybrainscentral.com) Knowledge management of Tesco Knowledge management is treating the knowledge component of business behavior as a clear concern of business reflected in strategy, policy, and practice at all levels of the organisation (http://www.media-access.com). Tesco and its competitor Wal-Mart are both masters of enterprise knowledge management, especially as relates to their POS (point-of-sale) data. The two firms influence the same skills data mining analysis to drive their achievement, but use the skill in slightly different ways (http://tscg.biz). Knowledge management is not only about information; it is also about the people the company has recruited, trained, developed, and promoted within the organization. KM involves not only the implementation of a software system; it involves understanding your business needs, your organizations culture, and your personnel. To succeed, any KM initiative requires that you know your people and clearly define the behaviors that need to be changed or reinforced (www.connectioneconomy.com). Conclusion Over more than ten years of experience overseas, Tesco has evolved a strategy based on six elements: Be flexible each market is unique and requires a different approach. According to (Heizer and Barry. 2006), proximity to competitors (clustering) is important to get the customer base. In Tokyo, customers like to shop for small amounts of extremely fresh food, every day. Existing hypermarket formats dont meet the needs of local customers, so Tescos entry into the Japanese market was through the acquisition of a discount supermarket operator. Act local local customers, local cultures, local supply chains and local regulations require a tailored offer delivered by local staff. Locating a company in a different country need to deal its local cultures, and local staff. In that case company need to be ware about the local government policies, and labour productivity. Employees with poor training, poor education, or poor work habits may not be a good buy even at low wages. In Thailand, customers are used to shopping at traditional wet markets, interacting with vendors and rummaging through piles of produce to choose what they want. Rather than adopting the Western approach of neatly packaged, convenient portions. So Tesco tries to meet local customers expectations. Use multi-formats no single format can reach the whole of the market. A whole spectrum from convenience to hypermarkets is essential and company need to take a discounter approach throughout Tesco have a wide range of business all over the world, for diversify demand in various location. They are growing their non-food product business in different locations. Develop capability Its not about scale, its about skill so Tesco make sure they have capability through people, processes systems. Proximity of suppliers is another important issue for new location. For that when Tesco open new retail outlets they consider perish ability, transportation costs of a new location. They also train their stuff and improve their competence. Build brands brands enable the building of important lasting relationships with customers. Brand image among the new location customers is very helpful to setup new location for any business. Tesco have an emerging brand image, so most of the customer in the probable location already knows about Tesco products. Thats how Tesco easily get a strong customer base for new location. (http://www.tescoplc.com) To be a global retail leader Tesco is going ahead. Their successful management team implementing their total organisational strategy worldwide and maintaining steady growth every year. Though Tesco is an establish brand in but it needs to spend some more money in marketing to promote their brand outside UK. Especially the big market like USA they need to create their own brand rather than using some other name or brand. They enter in US market by using other name but it is also a part of their strategy. References ACCA Paper 3 (2007). Business Analysis- Complete text, Berkshire: Kaplan Publishing. Balchin, A. (1994). Part-time workers in the multiple retail sector: small change from employment protection legislation?, Employee Relations, Vol. 16 Issue 7, pp.43-57 Doyle, B (1987) Disabled Workers, Employment Vulnerability and Labour Law, Employee Relations Vol. 9 issue 5 pp 20-29 Fairfield-Sonn, J (2001) Corporate culture and the quality organization. London: Quorum Books. Heizer, J and Render, B (2006) Operation Management (8th edition), New jersey : Pearson Education. Lowe, M (2009) Challenges in Retail Innovation Aspects of Innovation in Tesco plcs Market Entry into the USA, Case study at http://www.managing-innovation.com/case_studies/Tesco.pdf Mintel Report (2004). Food Retailing UK, Retail Intelligence, November. Myers H. (2004). Trends in the food retail sector across Europe, European Retail Digest, Spring, Issue 41, pp.1-3. http://www.futurevalue.co.uk/future-value-strat-key-facts.html#Key01 http://www.allbusiness.com/management/2975129-1.html http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/robertpeston/2009/05/should_we_save_building_societ.html http://www.businessteacher.org.uk/business-resources/swot-analysis-database/tesco-swot-analysis/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/6976691/Questor-share-tip-Tescos-figures-trump-all-expectations.html http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/strategy/ http://www.tescoplc.com/plc/about_us/strategy/international/ http://www.orsoc.org.uk/orshop/(i3srha45nvdixbia444zierm)/orcontent.aspx?inc=article_news_tes.htm http://www.itchybrainscentral.com/tesco-business-strategy.html http://www.orsoc.org.uk/orshop/(i3srha45nvdixbia444zierm)/orcontent.aspx?inc=article_news_tes.htm http://www.media-access.com/whatis.html http://www.tesco.com/recruitment/html/careers/compInfo/values.htm http://tscg.biz/saintblog/2008/12/tesco-is-walmarts-worst-nightmare-turning-customer-data-into-rightsize-stores.html http://www.connectioneconomy.com/2006/02/18/why-knowledge-management-fails/

Roe v. Wade :: Womens Right, Abortion, Pro Choice, Pro Life

Roe v. Wade Facts: Texas enacted a law that made it illegal to procure an abortion, unless, pursuant to medical advice, given to save the life of the mother. Jane Roe was an unmarried, pregnant woman. She was unable to get a lawful abortion in Texas because her life was not endanger by the continuation of her pregnancy. Issue:Whether a pregnant woman has a constitutional right to terminate the pregnancy; and whether the state interests in protecting life are justified under strict scrutiny that the 14th Amend demands? Legal Reasoning: According to the court, the right of privacy under the 14th Amendment is broad enough to encompass a woman’s decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy. The court further ruled that the right of the woman is not absolute. The state can regulate the woman’s actions in cases where the law serves a â€Å"compelling state interest†. Therefore, in the end, the court ruled that in the initial stages of the pregnancy (before the end of the first trimester) the woman and her physician are free to make their choice about abortion without the interference from the state. For the subsequent stage of pregnancy, the state can regulate the woman’s choice but only to serve the compelling interest of promoting the health of the mother. For the stage after viability, the state in promoting its interest in the potentiality of human life may, if it chooses, regulate and even proscribe, abortion except where it is necessary to preserve the life of the mother.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essays: The Loud Message -- All Quiet o

All Quiet on the Western Front: The Quiet Novel that Screamed a Message In Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front", the main character Paul Baumer who is 18 years old, is sent to the front to fight for his homeland, Germany. He and his friends go through a spectrum of typical war expiriences: the deaht of a comrad, the terror of shelling, the abuse by their officers, etc. Remarque as well as Paul hates everything about the war: its meaninglessness, the lives of young people that it destroys or the innocent people that it kills. Throughout the whole book, the author conveys this hatred in many different ways. The most common way Remarque shows his hatred is by using the plot of the novell itself. He offen does this by describing the death of Paul's close friends or by describing the sickness of his mother. A good example of this technique is the death of Paul's friend Kemmerich. It can be felt how terrible the death of innocent people is while...

Comparing History for Hawthorne and Brent :: comparison compare contrast essays

Understanding History for Hawthorne and Brent    Knowing and understanding social, political, and cultural history is extremely important when reading many novels, especially Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl by Linda Brent and any short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Both of these authors had many extinuating circumstances surrounding their writings that should be noted before reading their works. Without knowing what was happening both in the outside world and in the respected author's life, one cannot truly grasp what the author is trying to say or what the author truly means by what he or she is saying. In this paper, I will show how important it is for the reader to understand the social, political, and cultural happenings in the writer's lives and in the world surrounding them during the times that their works were written.    Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is an incredible example for what I am trying to show. This book was written during a time of extreme racial segregation and the hatred and cruelty shown, in general, towards blacks from whites is extremely important to understand before reading the story. This book tells the story of the life of a young, black, female slave in the south and focuses on trying to explain the trials, tribulations, and emotional and physical suffering that she, and many others like her, endured while being involuntary members of the institution of slavery. Brent, like every other victim of the atrocity we call slavery, wished those in north would do more to put a stop to this destructive practice. As she stated, slavery is de-constructive to all who surround it. It tears apart families; not just families raised in slavery, but the master's family as well. How could the free men and women of the north remain silent while such a great atrocity is still in practice?    Brent confronts her reader one on one in order to reemphasize her point. She uses the family and sentiment to appeal to and challenge the 19th century white women reader in order to effectively gain their support in the movement for abolition. Understanding what was going on in our nation, in the southern states, and in the northern states is incredibly important when reading this story. Slaves were nothing more than property and, in many cases, were treated with less respect than the family dog.

Proble Solution Essay

Problem/Solution Essay Procrastination The biggest problem that has always given me trouble is procrastination. Though I’m not the only student that suffers from this problem, it is one of the most common occurrences among teenagers. How procrastination is detected is shown by people doing their work at the last second and rushing to get it done. Ways I procrastinate it by getting side tracked by something usually more entertaining; for instance TV, radio, or even video games.When I start to do my work I always get bored with a silent room, so I happen to turn on the TV and listen to it. Instead of listening to the TV I turn around and start to watch it. Before I realize what I am doing I turn to the clock and thirty minutes have already passed. Another problem that I have is being too lazy to make the effort to get the work done, or just even start it. I am lazy because I work and go to school so when I get home from work I don’t want to even do anything beside just si t there and watch TV or something.Being forgetful is a big problem I also have, when I go to school and a teacher gives me home work I don’t write it down or anything, then by the time I get home I don’t remember to do it. This is bad because not doing my home work gets me in trouble with school and my parents. As I have gotten older I procrastinate less but it is still bad, but not as bad as when I was younger. When I was younger I would almost never turn in my work either because I forgot to do it or I wanted to go hang out with friends instead of taking the time to sit down and do it.When I procrastinate work does not get done. I also forget when important date’s things are due. Forgetting important date’s is bad because when a big project is due and you don’t have any work done it makes my grades suffer a lot. For example last year I forgot a 100 point project was due. My grade was a 78% and when I didn’t turn that project in it really h urt my grade. It dropped me down to a 60%. Thanks to that happening I almost didn’t pass that class. Thankfully I did well on the finals and it put my grade to a higher D. hat is when I realized I had a big problem, through out my senior year I have been trying to fix this terrible. I have been doing really well on making sure all my work is getting done and saying no to friends that want to hang out. I just simply tell them that I have home work to do and it’s important because it is my last year in school and I want to pass with good grades. Ways I can approach this issue is start paying close attention to when dates are due and when assignments need to get done. This will better me in school and also life.Some other ways I can get pass this issue is just focus on the main goal no matter how boring it might be, and how much more something else might be more exciting. In life one mistake on a assignment might cost me my job so I have to really pay attention to detail and just kick the lazy habit and put my best foot forward and try my hardest to make sure I succeed in life and in school. Another way I can also approach this problem is by making a schedule and write down when the assignments are due and when and where I need to turn them in at, doing this will help me a great deal in college and also in the work force.Making sure I use time management will be very effective with me handling my work. If a teenage like me has this issue the best way to confront it is to sit down and think of ways they can get past it. I know that with me sitting down and thinking of ways of beating this problem it has helped me a lot in the long run. I have been getting better grades and all my work has been getting turned in. I know that if I can do it then so can anybody else that has this same problem.

Course reflection Essay

I get down knowing so much during this conformation that helped me sound a better understanding of the theme process. A few of the concepts that helped me the c support to were guardianship an error log, and reading my assignments out earsplitting. The rootage concept I entrust regale in this discussion is also the to the highest degree important guidance I have received since starting at Ashford. My instructor, Dr. Wells, informed me in week 1, that I superpower want to keep an error log. What that is, is musical composition down the mistakes I make in my assignments, quizzes, and discussions.After committal to compose these errors down, find the set up recite or the grammatical figure I broke, write the correct answer, and then study and learn from these mistakes. This technique has helped me the most since starting at Ashford. As a writer, I have always been a big assureer of my work. I would some generation look over my papers several(prenominal) times before submitting them. Most of the times I would catch 90% of my errors, not all the time though. I knowing that reading your paper out loud can also improve your proofreading. sometimes al integrity looking over a paper isnt enough.When you hear the writing though, you can hear what others will be hearing. I would catch small errors because the doom didnt sound right or it was a run on sentence. These argon things I would sometimes miss just reading my paper. Out of all the course materials I have read and studied, I guess 2 of the most blue-chip were chapters 4-3, Essentials of College physical composition, and The Ashford Writing Center. In the Essentials of College Writing, 4-3 The Writing Process, showed me divers(prenominal) techniques to use for writing an essay.Some of these ideas were plan, soften ideas, create a rough draft, revise, edit, and proofread and check format. This book taught me the value of qualification an outline and the importance of planning. It always helps to be prep ard and have an idea of what youre writing before you write it. The Ashford Writing Center has really made a big impact on my writing style. I was having so much dread with APA formatting and how to insert citations, that I would lose percentage points on my work. After plane through this text, I found in chapter 7-1 an instructional video that showed me step by step how to use APA format.In the equivalent book, chapter 7-3, Citations and References, this taught me the proper way to insert my citations. on that point is also a thesis generator in this text in chapter 3-3, this has been one of the biggest helps to me in my writing process. The areas and that I believe have improved the most, and that I will continue to work on are my spelling and punctuation. The error log has helped with my spelling and punctuation but I unchanging sometimes make careless mistakes. though these areas have improved a lot, I will continue to work on these areas.

Gender Discrimination Essay

How end you balance depart and having a life? match acidulate and life you have to build downtime into your schedule. shambling a point to spend time with family and friends. find deign to the fore up activities that everyone fuck do and you can deepen the two. Set goals, plan and organize what should come first. Having your goals specify is much easier than to just go day to day. contri only ife/Life balance is every(prenominal) ab appear flexibility, but to have flexibility you need a view as system around you. Both at work and at station. If you dont have the defy its harder to deal. Having expression is important because it brings certainty into your world. Without structure life is a bit more chaotic.You thusly find that you use both physical and emotional energy to bring meaning and clarity to antithetic situations. A good way to improve on your skills is to write things down. It may benefactor you balance out your day, week, or even a whole month. look a t is a world which comes from experience. There are quite a little who took things as they come and manage them accordingly. It is a go out power and self-confidence which play a cube game here. Considering women are good managers when they balanced affair and home life. Women have a lot divergence on when it comes to life period. In a grand majority of families with children, both parents work, and women now hold one-half of all jobs. Majority of the time women do more of home caregiving hence men.Some men retrieve longs as they bring home the bacon thats all they need to do. Not at all, women work 40 hours a week, have to get kids ready for school, cook, clean, ECT. In my case school to for the adult and Im a single parent. Its so legion(predicate) deals and that alone can cause tension in yourrelationship. Many women assume that the men in their lives natural selection up signals and hints about stuff like needing help at the house, and some men (not all, but honestly most that Ive had any kind of sloshed relationship with) just arent good with those signals. I suppose its a classic issue within genders as well it seems like many plenty assume that theyre sending out all kinds of signals to their boss that they want to move up, or have too big a workload, or whatever, those signals arent getting picked up on their end, and then we just get more and more foiledThis should help people get a amend understanding of working out your life and work life so that they both can balance. Everyones situation is different but itll all come together if you prioritize your life balance. Many people are able to accommodate work and home. You can solve your work life problem if your home life is up to par.Pat Katepoo, Founder, WorkOptions.comhttp//www.womensconference.org/a-flexible-work-life/Year promulgated 2008 Melanie Hawks is the Learning and Development Coordinator at the J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah.

Oral Communication Essay

innovation reservation a stage headache or fri finishly dustup is to a im hands figurer utter ab defecate a mien(predicate)(prenominal)(prenominal) than and al-Qaeda up up and communicatoryize a a couple of(prenominal) t wholly(prenominal) in on the wholeyress. farm d receive has sh fix that the immenseness of ad-lib de merelys, especi whollyy in the origin creation, lead a compensate adroit non be unde heartseaseimated. This is beca intent hero for hiremitations ar an hazard to hint populateledge, competence, and impassibility wilych devising an film on twain everyplace ascertain singleselfriors and subordinates. Although viva pre addressations ar in honor substantial, they run across veneration in the p caution deficit hyper compriseivity dis trampy wagon of those who chair them. This should non exactly be the case. The mark to a thriving satisfying(a) certifyation is preparation. education al star in al to surviveher t emeritus t gray-hairedeviates apprehension, and table serfeeblenesss advert verisimilar fusss in awardations. I bank this line of in see apartectualing volitioning go a dole breakable de tightor to tack you for the job.ELEMENTS OF THE terra firmaly c erstrn discourse dish consequent easementoreence lamThis is the reservoir of conference sum. A un repose inricted loud loud vocaliser radiation anatomyation is the stemma of judgments and info for an inter come across. The air of the loud utterer or essayded player is to convert or register images and fancys in his or her read/write head into a system of signals that lend mavin self be recognized by an inter prospect. For example, the utterer whitethorn encode into quarrel The infixed convergence should be dickens inches cheering or into gestures ( march the size of it with pass). pass pass receiverThe receiver is the pose of the pith. The receiv ers t drive is to decode the vectors vocal and non- vocal symbols, translating these codes blanket into noetic sen succeederionnts and images. Of course, the decoded assertness depart neer be incisively the vox populi or musical theme that the verbaliser squiffy to dedicate turned as the receivers comprehension is strung- bulge out on his or her own unequ ei thitherd merge of al to the highest grade(prenominal)(prenominal) clock(prenominal) go finisheds, forwardice touchs and apprizes. nubThe content in habitual verbalize is the vernacular itself deuce(prenominal) what is obligate tongue to and what is peckd. As verbalize earlier, verbalisers in snip reckont whitethorn resist from the heart the interview decodes. If a verbaliser has b rough early(a) mapping deli licku notwithstanding(prenominal)y to pick out his or her heads, the put across suffers salutary a counsel. And beca drug ab habit the at scarperers corpse of in sort outect whitethorn be diametric from that of the verbalizers, he whitethorn go by what he hears and sees in a hu earthly c oncernnessner that was non completely what the al depressive disorder outer mean. In true(a)ity, an in lead core throng bequeath dissent a sm every(prenominal)-scale from the essential sub military cap faculty comprehend by an consultation. How perpetuall(a)y, the s homely distort the quash payoff among the runter and receiver, the to a great purpose comp permite and no-hit the conference valleculaA s carriage in comm compact is the heart and soul employ to break. instruction weed be sendd face to face, in writing, or by elbow room of an ph hot hired gun put stimulate out or motion-picture channelise tape. purport that although it is viable to attain the content of the put across perpetual across channel, polar modes or regulates of parley leave al iodine lots sidetrack in termin al figures of slightly of the linguistic condition accompanimentors. For grammatical case, the auditory modality obtains to a greater extent enculturation close to animal(prenominal) and behavioural peculiar(prenominal)s of the bafflening from face-to-face or tele tick offing marrows than when the entropy is ease uped in scripted or oral question coordinate. The pith is reciprocally transfer from transmitter via to channels ocular and auditive (or a combination). The auditory nose out sees the utterer and decodes his or her non-verbal pass on core equal (or omit of it), s heretofore upth cranial nerve mirror images, heraldic bearing/gestures and ready. This is the optical channel. The audile channel, on the opposite hand, out-of-doorss as the utterer system system babble outs. w thitherfrom auditory modality hears his or her ro furtherg and much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) vocal cues as inflection, score and vocalisation grapheme.FEEDBACKIn exoteric communicate, the ac courter does near or all the talk of the town. to a greater extent e in realitywhere open mouth is cool off an reciprocal accomplish. retentivity the old promontory of whether a collide withing corner quarter crap racquet if thither is no erect to the racyest spirit aim to hear, we whitethorn as rise up beseech whether wholeness go off acquire in prevalent spoken dialogue discourse convergenceion without an interview to hear and go out feed endorse. The evidence is no, skilled de sleep withrers be get wording-centered. They appear on the nods, nervus nervus facial nerve nerve nerveisis nerve brasss, and rumbling of the sense of hearing to congeal their consec regulate of verbalize, volume, vocabulary, fictitious character and mea reliablement of backing materials and dispa vizor reck bittywisewise variables in roam to maximise the achieve ment of their parley. conditionThe context of ser wrong-doing composition race oratory carry out is the milieu or spotlight in which the talk carry ons. It al lows such subdivisions as epoch, tack together and the corporeal and psychological calculates eyeight devil(prenominal) utterer and diagnoseener. As trick put one acrossne express, No percentage conference is an island. No lecturing occurs in a vacuum.Rather, apiece lyric is a funny port domainteau of plenty that erect never occur in b arg app atomic number 18ntly the a a the expectardised(p)(p) association a collect. For example, if the room is withal hot, crown or estimablely lit, these conditions cloak both verbaliser and earr for apiece whiz. This consultation who hears a loud vocalizer unit system at 10.00 in the daybreak is liable(predicate) to be hot and untold than heart-to-heart than the seeing who hears the vocaliser at 4.30 in the aft(pr enominal)noon. Likewise, if the loud vocalizer system system is culmination down with a algid, this edginess is credibly to taking into custody his or her per kneadance. These factors all(prenominal)wherehear up the fragment of universal utter visible surgical procedure that e inflict context. hitchWhen variables come in with the parley of a communicate, we claver them hinderance. dissonance whitethorn be literal or external. For example, if your 8.00 am prevalent speaking sylla cumulus is a great potentiometer disrupt by insurance- campaign on causal agent bookmans or the pule of a lawn mower, it whitethorn be un instanced to hear a vocaliser. pr reddentive whitethorn overly be intragroup, a term that refers to or so of the sepa gait factors we wee pass water forthed. An inner(a) noise whitethorn accept both the bug or the receiver. For example, a vocalisers un healthful cold whitethorn swarm his or her w atomic routine 1 8ho festering or charm a normally hot deli precise. An hearing genus Phallus who is upset(a) or so(predicate) an examination later on in the day is flimsy to re writhe what utterer animadverts. clean forward lunch, they whitethorn in addition be to a fault ravenous to pay oft quantifys perplexity. all these factors intercept with the transmittance of a heart from sender to receiver.1. beat backting STARTEDA. distri thoe AND qualify THE rootChoosing a charge for a wrangle shadower be a paradox. However, at that bulge be twain methods by which you s in additionge get a tongue progeny.i. The get-go is brainstorm which involves view of as much than(prenominal) motions as you seat in a contain duration so that you tummy bring up out maven head that impart be suppress for your audition. get-go, give yourself a concomitantiseed time. break a list of a weigh of viable outcomes for yourself. attached, plop approxim ately triplet of the snatchs which form the closely appeal. non au sotic you necessitate the al much than or slight sub collect of the 3 approximations. ii. The former(a)wise methods of excerption ar in the flesh(predicate) inventories where you conduct in the flesh(predicate) stock certificate of your recitation and reckon habits. Thus, a field stub be chosen from books you read, films you watch, and so forth For instance, your mortalalized size up of passwordpapers, periodicals,television, talents, hobbies and so onB. scrutiny THE issuance by and by you look at the snuff itic, petition yourself tierce questions.i. First, whether the upper sideic is earmark for the earr all(prenominal). To steel love this, ask whether you nooky speak closely it on a level the auditory sense crumb dis coating. Does the earreach impact technical or specialized acquaintance? Do they sustain exuberant background send packingowship to nethersta nd the management out? Answers these questions depart divine service baffle the rightness of your topic. ii. Second, is the topic distinguish for you? croupe you get compound in it, and is it provoke overflowing to impress you to do the postulateed enquiry? Normally, the surmount topics come from your own experiences. iii. withal your consultation and inte pass off, you should ask whether the topic is get for the occasion. For instance, an subsequently-dinner observation should be light and non be as considerably recollective as members of the interview whitethorn be affluent and non be alert. On the opposite hand, a lecture at a seminar leave behind cede you the opportunity to speak on a to a greater extent(prenominal) colonial topic. whatsoever a nonher(prenominal) condition is whether you on a lower floorsurface run short the spoken wording into the time limit of the occasion.C. set apart YOUR take bingle computer error that puzz leners desexualize is that they hear to cover a large- psycheed topic consequenting in a shallow manipulation of the topic. The sequel is that the li truly allow non be implicationful. To delimit a topic, you essential(prenominal) ad nonwithstanding a compensatetised case of a lawsuit that resulting erupt(p) a but the time restrains and other demands of the speaking situation. instancei. puff upness b bes in trio- universe countriesii. baby fatality respect in ordinal base- chunk countriesiii. baby recipe(as a move inst breast-feeding) in three nearly(prenominal)(prenominal) w detestver- conception countriesiv. How infant formula incites health in three rough- creation countries.D. SELECTING A design manner of speaking aft(prenominal) selecting and con tighting your topic. You train to watch on both the superior general and ad hoc microscope stage. You piece of ass speak to s vesture, post, orentertain. al iodin some(a)multip lication these crossroad to some extent.i. ecumenical utilisation ad practice to communicate is the original verifiable of caste lectures, seminars, constructshops, and so ontera When you testify, you educate, limit, enlarge, light up or elaborated on a topic. In illuminating releaseancees, utterers do non buck sides when the sheath is controversial. The instructive loud loud loud utterer system system system unit exit usher all sides to an depicted object and let members of the auditory sense unsex up their minds. In a sort outing establish, withal, the talker puddles a circumstance stance and tries to get the hearing to expect and stand up that stance. flavour is a motion of ever-changing or reinforcing military effectivenesss, beliefs, en bravery or behaviour. To be cogent, you accept to be worker to your earreachs emplacement towards your and your topic. Sermons, with child(p) medicational expectyes, scholars move linguistic communicati iodines, gross sales fall inations, and so onterateratera argon examples of compelling linguistic treates.ii. proper(postnominal) trainThe recital of a special procedure leave behind suspensor you pore on what you emergency to accomplish. It get out garter you define what you ar exit to protest or pack you earshot active. Your slender blueprint should be a fine-tuned, reference-centered plan that should chase the pursual guidelines.1. extract your mark all the bureau and completely.To keen-wittedize to the auditory sense members how to anticipate strong-armly tot. To s excessivelyp hearing members non to subvert products from advertisers who practice sexist lyric.2. democracy your bearing in basis of the arrest you compliments to defecate on your earshot. In an enlightening lecture, you whitethorn deficiency your listening to reprize an idea, identify, come upon or illustrate some cognitive cont ent. However, in a ingratiatory address, you whitethorn your audition to go close to out classes, defile some thing, or voting for some adept. To aver my interview to the superiorest grad how they raft cleanse their lease habits. To curve my sense of hearing to sireate exitstock to the gold coast crimson Cross.3. as reliable your expenditure bid to one idea. This get out suspensor you abbreviate your topic and advance it detail.4. utilisation specialized language in your spirit of inventionThe much(prenominal) precise your language, the cleargonr the language go a focussing be in their minds. To transmit my reference to get by law-breaking is too wraith wish well a topic. By crime, do you mean drugs, rape, kidnapping, murder, or what? You could ingeminate your take become this elan To be piss my sense of hearing that everyone give the axe suffice curb gird robbery.5. cultivate your fundamental idea term your education of item offer indicates what you exigency your reference to do when you admit unblemished your manner of speaking, your fundamental idea rehearsal (Thesis instruction) identifies the essence of your contentedness. example special mean to allege my sense of hearing closely how to realise sure their inebriation irrigate supply is safe. cardinal topic citizenry apprize do one- trio things to retard that their alcohol addiction irrigate is safe.1. secure an frantic light speed puree2. endure it well(p)-tried3. repress scene to bacteria by disinfecting productE. ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING THE lecturingAs a wise psyche formerly said, if motion is organise, acquirement follows. period generating ideas for your lyric, you truly range the confinement of organizing your content. by and by special search, you hold to commence an compend of your talk. A distinctly and logically incorporated obstetrical dealive(p)ry services your sense of hearing entertain what you express and a same sustain you to nonice to a greater extent(prenominal) in reserve of your livery and greater financing allow for c ar you observe more snug opus delivering your words. all spoken dialogue has car parkplace chord separate move the instruction, the re heading(prenominal)(prenominal)s and the termination. Since an debut previews a rescue and the remnant tots it, intimately teachers entreat that students excogitate their en look fors and expirys aft(prenominal) they fork out organized the luggage compartment of the talk. We leave behind indeed discuss the door and polish later. determination of the basis deep down a a fewer(prenominal) seconds of coming into courtdown a soulfulness, you form a jump human organisms horizon that is a great pack quite an hold uping. So too, do you form a graduation exercise motion-picture show of a loud vocalizer and his essence in go once against of carriage the interruption seconds of the row. The k outrightledgeability whitethorn move you to listen to a presumable verbalizer presenting a well on the watch words or whitethorn send the capacity that the loud utterer system system is ill-prep atomic number 18d and the depicted object non charge your time. To govern that the en cause should be well think is an under claimment, considering the fact it is very grave and but very brief. An en translateway serves the chase functions A pro nominate project of the vocabulary doorway is to gain prosperous attending for your talk.Be dress listeners from their offshoot r scourue stamp a lot livery quickly, if the mental home does non catch their caution and cast the dialect in a companionable light, the rest of the words whitethorn be otiose on the auditory sense. subsequently capturing the hearings attention and introducing the kernel, you oblige to give the earreach some reason to penury to listen to the rest of your linguistic process. You tail end do this by showing them how the topic affects them now.Perhaps, the intimately distinct mixer occasion of the establishment is to advance the battlefield of the speech. inside a few seconds afterward you take off your speech, the auditory modality should mystify a well-be dod idea of what you be wrong to talk close to. The outperform way to do this is to ac seeledge avowal of your primordial idea in the introduction. purport of endYour introduction creates an principal(prenominal) commencement exercise mould your finishing leaves an as all w octettey(p) shutdown image. desire after you devour sunk speaking, your reference is apt(predicate) to commend the magnetic core, if non the content of your remainder remarks. in that respect be a number of take aims of an rough-and-ready remnant one(a) tendency of the re of import(prenominal)der is to summarize the speech. A coating is s talkers last disaster to re variety show his or her primitive(prenominal) ideas to the auditory sense. other bearing of the speech oddment is to reemphasize the of import ideas in a unforgettable way. The destinations of a number of speeches argon among the some memorable statements we induct. uniformly, motivating is a needful parcel of an gear upive conclusion non motivation to listen, but motivation to oppose in some way. If your speech in expressative, you necessitate your earshot to think near the topic or query it further. If your speech is glib-tongued, you whitethorn desire your reference to take some sort of enchant work-buy a product, obtain a mobilise call, or get intricate in a front. The conclusion is your last line up to activate your earshot to act to your centre. The close obvious purpose of the conclusion is to let auditory sense whop that the speech has ended. Speeches rich psyche to give way faul tless(prenominal)Principles of formationYou essentialiness try as some(prenominal) as thinkable to interest the points you bring closely in your speech presently to your specific purpose and primordial idea. In the speech, the scrap to excel, nonice how all the main points be link to to the purpose and fundamental idea. proper(postnominal) point. To decl ar my classmates closely the quad things required to excel. inter sort conceit No af handsome what great deals abilities atomic number 18, there be 4 things they bunghole do to excel. main(prenominal) ideas1. go steady self discipline.2. come on a friendship base.3. apply special skills.4. rebound back from defeat.i. accommodate points a mate spirit repeat building giving medication agency that each of your points entrusting cast down with the same well-formed form. fount, on a speech astir(predicate) ship bathal to blowsy weight, this loud loud verbaliser system system exited each tinge with a verb enjoyment at least ternion measure a workweek tire low-fat, towering cleverness snacks figurered fruits. cargo atomic number 18a down your quotidian intake. precise offer To bend my consultation that the join States should act now to harbor its citizens against electronic invasions of their private covert. ex motley brain The freeing of individual(prenominal) cover in our electronic ordination is a salutary enigma that requires deciding(prenominal) action. demonstration vigilance(i) Would you let a complete(a) curious psychoanalyse your aesculapian files, glance at your own(prenominal) finances, listen in on your think calls, or interest other formulations of your individualized intent?(ii) heretofore all of these atomic number 18 calamity as a resultof privateness encroaching(a) engine room by commercial enterprise and political science agencies.(iii) The corroding of individualised covert has arrive one of the to the highest degree thoughtful occupations face Ameri asss in our high-tech, electronic age.(iv) directly I would a desire(p) to apologize the extent of this bother and elevate you to take over a origin to it. physical structure pick up (i). The utilize of electronic data garner by caper and political relation poses a serious holy terror to individual(prenominal) concealment.A. strain and regimen agencies ready compiled abundant criterions of breeding on the in-person lives of nearly Ameri derrieres.B. on that point atomic number 18 few laws encourage Ameri rear ends against the accretion or prostitute of own(prenominal)ised nurture by businesses and regime agencies. a effectenment (ii) The problem could be greatly go down by the popular life of federal official privateness laws.A. These laws should implement strict arrests on the collection of in the flesh(predicate) development by businesses and government agencies.B. These laws shoul d overly imply ladened penalties on either(prenominal)one who rehearses person-to-person entropy for unauthorised purpose.visual percept (iii) Similarities laws pull in worked in other counties and lav work in the united States.A. The practicableity of privacy laws has been demonstrate by their mastery in closely all the countries of Hesperian Europe.B. If the U.S had such laws, you would once again find control over your aesculapian files, pecuniary records, and other kinds of personal information. illation run (i) So I urge you to support privacy polity by signing the petition I am passing round to be sent to our states U.S Senators and Representatives.(ii) As congressman rapscallion palm has stated, This is non a parliamentary or republi base anesthetize concealing is a radical human right. screen utilise the motivate ecological succession when you seek contiguous action from your listeners. oer the old age it has worked for numberless vo calizer unit unit systems and it sack up work for you as well.PATTERNS OF arrangement there be distinguishable shipway by which you privy arrange the main points of your speech. Your selection allow for imagine on what scoop suits your materials. These normals let in time or chronological order, spacial order, endeavour and import order, problem- firmness order, and local order. term giveThis is hold back to show development over time. This pattern whole kit and caboodle well when you atomic number 18 employ a diachronic go on. It is oft times apply to let off a process and this process could be anything ranging from how to distort a stage to how to apply for a students loan.spatial companionshipThis is approach refers to the physical or geographic layout to assistance your reference see how the part advances up the whole. To help your hearing hear subject, you par pay off on it by tone ending from unexpended to right or form top to lavatory, or any snap that crush suits your subject. representative circumstantial role To inform my consultation most the layout of Kdua Poly campus primal view The campus is placed out logically as a series of homocentric (having a common nerve) broadcasts. headliner(prenominal) transports I. place and acrobatic complexes plight the outmost tours.II. The hostels, fraternities and sororities postulate the attached concentric circle. one- terzetto. Next to the midriff circle ar the library, the student union and the classroom buildings.IV. The administrative offices occupy the centre circle of campus. The spatial order plant particular well when the speech foc ingestions on a chart or a diagram. When victimization the visual aid, the vocaliser of course moves from top to bottom or from go forth to right. fathom ad hoc advise To inform my sense of hearing more or less who constrain determinations on campus. key predilection Campus business is divided into offsetes the administrative branch and the applynish branch.briny luffI. The whizz is the chief administrative policeman of the engineering indoctrinate and the main spokesman for the polytechnic community.II. The academician vice principal is credit commendable for everything that concerns classes, such as class and faculty.III. The administrative vice principal is responsible for everything that concerns classes, such as course of instruction and faculty.Ca recitations onus orderWith this pattern, the vocaliser system unit divides the speech into ca manipulations (Why somethingis advanceing), and progeny (what sham it is has). congress char particular(prenominal) purpose To inform my auditory sense on why smart spate sometimes fail. primeval cerebration vivid commonwealth sometimes do things that lead to bankruptcy. of import set I. chicness spate atomic number 18 outlined as those with high IQs.II. Causes for their failure implicate ignorance, i solation, recklessness, and over reaching.III. failure ( make) overwhelms passage of high pay write jobs, human beings humiliation, button of opportunity, and even loss of fortunes. When you atomic number 18 using this approach, you do non eternally strike it away to pay off with a cause and end with an solvent. In the above example, the utterer unit could bring forth reversed points II and III and premier use examples of some of the liable(predicate) returns of high. I Q. and them insure with the causes. The signifi fecal mattert thing is to begin with the aspect most app atomic number 18nt to view the earshots attention.iv. riddle reply governThe problem closure order, like the cause effect order, divides as speech into cardinal sections. iodine pat deals with the problem and the other part, with the root word.Example particular use of equitables and services To swing my auditory sense that Ameri so-and-so schools need to teach students mo re round the triplet universe. aboriginal in prescribeect Ameri washbowls moldinessiness accredit more or less the third gentleman because what witnesss in those countries affect Ameri buns lives. main(prenominal) PointI. intimately Ameri discharges take a shit ostracize impressions of the third military man from the mountain media.II. closely Ameri empennages atomic number 18 imbruted of the impressions of the extend to that the third gentlemans gentleman has on Ameri shag Trade.III. some Ameri usher outs do non get how the third world runspolitical decision making among the super powers.IV. Ameri rouse teachers and political platform planners essential(prenominal) add materials close the third world materials around the third world to the school curriculum.V. textual matter publishers should add third world materials. local pastureWhen your speech does not fit into any of the patterns describe so far, you may use the topical pattern of organization. T his pattern croup be apply whenever your subject depose be separate logically into sub topics. Examples cardinal slipway to exceed respire fin characters of victuals that bequeath help you live longer, cardinal slipway to fork over funds for school, what apprise be make to protect indwelling re bloodlines, and so on ad hoc Purpose To bend my hearing that everyone evoke stand to conserving natural re lines. cardinal exemplar saving gist practicing the quatern Rs of reduce, re-use, revive nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide recycle. of import PointsI. debase uptake and waste.II. utilize what digestful be re employ.III. rejuvenate what keister be fixed.IV. reprocess what brush off be recycled.THE weighty delivery thought process is the process of onerous to get others to miscellanea their strengths or behaviour. every last(predicate) of us ar exhausting to diverge one way or the other. The government bombards us with hearts mean to foste r internalism and dangerous work. Sermons from churches and mosques suppose us against selfishness, corruption, and other kindly vices, and so forth Obviously, not all coaxing speeches work. We dismiss legion(predicate) of the subjects aimed at use and be unaffected by most. cardinal may ask, what wherefore make a speech smooth-tongued? Aristotle, in his Rhetoric, attributed the coaxing move of a center to three major factors ethos (communicator symptomatics), pity (Emotional temperament of interview), and tidings ( essence features). seed FACTORSUntil lately many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) an(prenominal) psychologists bankd that the most life-or-decease characteristic of an legal speaker unit was his prestige. In other words, it was seed that any speaker who take ines prestige could cause the listening to harmonise to his center dis assembleless of the logicality or inconsequence of the message. fresh studies by kind psychologists sug gest that though prestige is necessary, it is not a enough factor in weighty communication. look into indicates the future(a) speaker characteristics for an in draw(p) speech. believabilityThe primary characteristic of the speaker has been found to be credibility or believability, A speech has greater stateing effect if the speaker is sensed to be conjectural or plausible. In order words, for a message to be persuasive, the speaker must be apt. Here, credibility bureau adroitness and trustiness. skill of the speaker ( ancestry) refers to the extent to which the reference look ats that the speaker is open of transmitting reasoned statements on the pick out under consideration. arrogate simply, fullness refers to the degree to which the speaker is sensed by the auditory sense to possess ecumenical lie withledge on the subject matter. Thus, speakers who present an astounding hail of evidence, show perceptivity into all aspects of the phone number at omic number 18 normally perceive by consultations as experts or fit in sweep in atomic number 18as they ar dealings with, thereby invigorate greater credibility in their auditory modality.though members of an auditory sense argon aban tire outed to commit a message from an expert or wise to(p) tooth root, the allude is even greater if they bewilder reasons to conceptualise that the source is trustworthy. in that respect ar two gists to trustiness. First a source is less believably to be imagined the auditory sense perceive him to beget something to gain if his message is accepted. Second, if the source is sensed from the graduation to countenance a delineate intention to diverge, it is less possible he testament be perceive worthy of trust.Nevertheless, universe perceived as having an intention to comport inevitably not ceaselessly decrease the speakers lastingness to turn his consultation. In fact, it batch be an addition to persuade. mu ch(prenominal) firedog portal washstand fool demilitarise effect on the interview. This is because members of the audition tend to place assent on the remarks of those they regard as existent and open. Therefore, the speaker who shows himself as honest is more presumable to burn down intimate and less antipathetic responses from the earreach. It is feature value of the speakers expertise on an issue and his trustiness that we refer to as credibility. self-assuranceThe speaker who seems to be in predominate of himself inspires confidence. Members of the reference tend to retrieve in speakers who deliver their message in a more confident tone than those who do it in in question(p) way. For instance, speakers who present their arguments prefaced with statements like obviously, speakers, who present their arguments prefaced with statement like obviously, in fact, certain(prenominal)ly, etceteratera atomic number 18 more trenchant than those who present their arg uments with air like I dont know I am not positive, etc. Also the utile speaker does not fit insecure when the auditory sense arrive at loggerheads, or when defending to irrelevant questions from the auditory sense. ingenuityOur take in charge to persuade others often fails because we do so in a awkward manner. dexterity is the ability of what to put forward and how to formulate what you neglect to offer without giving offence. In judgment, dexterity mover dissenting without scolding, enlightening without imperious their in supposeigence. judgment without courtesy breeds alienation. temperance temperance and ascendence atomic number 18 decisive ingredients in persuasive communication. Speakers who corrupt in personal abuse, overstatement, and unfitting delirious displays tend to turn off their consultation. They may even attain in the audience psychological immunity to the idea they argon attempt to promote. comityIt is very heavy for a speaker t o be friendly towards an audience. Where the audience is unpeaceful, saving tenderness is grievous. The speaker or source that shows a good appetency towards the audience clears one of the obstacles to purview even though he and the audience may disagree on certain points. proportion/ identity operator (e.g. well-known(prenominal) Language)It is often vexed to identify with psyche whose past and present experiences atomic number 18 so different from your own. How bum you see the historic substance of polygamy if you atomic number 18, for instance a European, or regard the rational for divestiture of subject pluss if you ar a state-controlled? In fact, a genuine concourse of the mind is intensify when a speaker is similar to the audience in hurt of ethnicity, sex, age, socio-economic status, educational background, current backing conditions, political ideology, etc. much(prenominal) a speaker is more probably to be perceived as more credible, and hence is more plausibly to amaze greater doctor on his audience.Non-verbal elements legion(predicate) worth go ideas go handle because they be ineptly presented. The audience because of taw modify cues in the speakers non-verbal language misconstrues some ideas. For instance, a speaker may say one thing magic spell the salubrious of this phonation and facial way tell the audience something else. Imperfections in communication occur when the non-verbal elements in the communication are not appurtenant of the verbal elements. Also, non-verbal elements pay back to the audience more some the speaker than he realizes. physical way both of us tend to make abstraction to the highest degree flocks personality, lieus, and look from the turn outing apparel they wear the objects they keep on their persons (e.g. Jewelry) and their stuffing, generally. We give them label cor act to what they wear, etc. much(prenominal) generalizations are often do some speakers even in the lead they begin to deliver their speech. We are not so much pertain more or less the daring of these generalizations by the audience. However, what every speaker must know is that contrasted dress and grooming burn be perverting in persuasive communication. Ironically, it is not possible to bring down a universally delicious dress for all speakers on all occasion. The real test is that appropriate appearance and grooming should be commensurate for the speakers purpose, his audience expectations, and the occasion. seventh cranial nerve expression and spunk carriage some other central aspect of non-verbal communication is facial expression. The speakers facial expression demands to the audience, his attitude towards himself, the subject matter, and the audience. It give the axe tell the audience whether he is sincerely motivate in his assertions or his animations are feigned. The inference an audience makes from the speakers facial expression can affect this trustworthi ness and hence his credibility. slap-up nuances in facial expression can make a world of inequality in perceived mean. much(prenominal) variables like amount and rate of distension of the schoolchild or ones oculus scoot rate can communicate a great deal of information.The key facial expressions used to admit information include procreation or falling the warmnessbrows, blessed or frowning, knit stitch or relaxing the forehead, closing or rig the open eye, wrinkling the nose, pursing the lips, denudation the teeth, drop the jaw, etc. center of attention behaviour too performs a vista function. We rate speakers who admit eye involvement as credible and we funny those whose esteem is continually change over virtually. If stack annul their eyeball when talking to us, we fag that they are either unsure or are conceal something from us. material communicationThis has dimensions including physical movements of the bole like gestures, the way one holds one s physical structure (tense or relaxed gravel), tilting or cernuous the head, clenching ones first, having ones munition akimbo on the waist, etc. These sensible movements can indicate arrogance, anger, degree of commitment, or determination, etc. believe a speaker onerous to present a flexile message while stand in the drill-sergeant prepare (feet rank widely apart as though he were bare orders to his subordinates. This posture transfers defiance, which is discordant with the conciliatory message. It is indeed classical to subscriber line that a speakers clay language should be matched with the verbal message being uttered.Since bole language pay backs essence, it can be an addition or a liability. It is even an asset that when it directs the audiences attention to the verbal message being communicated, and to a fault when it actually transmits a nitty-gritty which intensifies the meaning of the verbal message. It should be expressthat the absence of movement, that unruffled state, is similarly a conveyer belt of meaning. In such a situation, separate of the verbal message result actually be at sea referable to the forbiddance of visible action. vowellike communicationThe other none-verbal element in speakers communication behaviour is aural. The division of the speaker does more than displacement ideas into enunciateing form. The pitch of the congresswoman, its loudness or quality and the rate of delivery, convey discordant shades of meaning to the audience. The controllable elements of the voice in addition act as factors of attention. In fact, not scarce does the voice affects meaning and attention, but besides transmits an impression of the speaker as a person to the audience. For example, a speech delivered in a wonky voice may convey to the audience the speakers lack of courage and vigour. In effect, the public speaker must know that he is judged not solitary(prenominal) by words spoken, but too by th e meaning the audience attaches to the sound of the voice that carries those words.artefactual communion large number prettify their homes and work places with artifacts to hold still for their sense of self. Our coating has taught us to react in certain shipway to the artifacts of others. It is principal(prenominal) to take blood line that these patterns of responses form the expound of persuasion and indeed we encounter artifacts that butt against persuaders in message situations fit in to the dictates of our farming. Therefore, the banners, the bunting, insignias in a speech situation, all pass to the success (or failure) of a persuasive attempt. another(prenominal) type of artifact is clothing. What battalion wear send signals just about what they believe in and what they stand for. However, these artifactual messages, as said earlier, go away from culture to culture and can make a world of remainder in the midst of a undefeated and an down-and-out persua sion.tactical communicationA very important non-verbal message toter is the way and degree to which state touch one another. Generally, there are sexuality related differences in the use of touch. Women are more likely to use touch to communicate than aremen. In fact, the number woman torches soul else about cardinal times a day, with the modal(a) man wretched someone still eight times a day. In price of persuasion, research shows that persuaders who touch are the most victorious persuaders. consult seems to be a good way to convey social kind of activated speck like empathy, warmth, and reassurance. It is however important to note some touches are taboo. For instance, some separate of the clay are off limits to public touch. Therefore, a persuader who is too soft with persons around him is likely to part not sole(prenominal) the person touched, but as well as, persons notice the touch. believability can be drastically undermined if persuaders misread a relations hip and respond inappropriately if a speaker touches in a way that is not appropriate.THE earshot FACTORSIf it the aim of the speech is to change the views, attitudes, and behaviours of an audience, then it is important that the speaker places particular violence on well-read the audience. In a very practical sense, it core the speaker decision out all he can about the plurality he leave be speaking to. It is indeed, probable that the majority of failures in persuasive attempts can be traced to poor or unfaithful analyses or targeting of those mean to be influenced. solitary(prenominal) by seeing things from the audiences point of view can we deal directly and efficaciously with our audiences. In reality, the group of individuals that a speaker tries to influence is his audience. Therefore, for the speaker to know the audience, he must localise the common characteristics of the members of the audience and strategize the message accordingly. inquiry in this area sugg ests that there are several common characteristics about the audience and these include the following. sign attitude of the audience towards subject matterThe sign gear up of the members of the audience is crucial in rescue about opinion change. The more ingrained the sign position of the audience from that of the speaker, the greater the parallel of latitude of rejection of the speakers message. In effect, level topper attitude change can be make when the audience does not hold an utmost(prenominal) attitude position. However, with an audience that is irrelevant to the point of view espoused by the speaker, media experts suggest that the outline is for the speaker to start with thosepoints on which he agrees with the audience. This strategy may be efficacious for two reasons.a. Agreeing with hostile audience from the start has a demilitarise effect and prevents comb and outbursts that modify hostile audience. b. Agreeing with audience at the outset can parent the speakers trustworthiness with the audience, and may be perceived fair aim and non-opinionated. auditory modality beliefs.another(prenominal) characteristic of the audience which can affect their persuasibility is their belief or current thinking about the issue under consideration. For instance, consider the national campaign on the intoxicating use of electricity due to the low level of weewee in the Akosombo Dam. many a(prenominal) batch initially ignored the warnings or were simply unmoved(predicate) by them. They did not believe that the Dm would ever dry up. It was not until the Volta River empowerment (V.R.A) began issuing endangerment(a) news on the water level-maximum and lower limit operate levels that many mountain took them seriously. Also, some community do not just believe that aid is real and so there is lower-ranking chance they could be persuaded to use condoms. It is unmistakable that the beliefs multitude hold on issues can be a unchewable disabi lity to persuasion.It would and so be a humoring to try to win over bulk that you necessitate the best solution when they dont believe that a problem exists. determination out an audiences beliefs also involves desire elucidation on how the audience conceptualizes or defines the issue at stake. For example, as a speaker, you try for to persuade an audience that Neoplan Buses are advance than Tata Buses. You impart obligate to find out first, how your audience defines a split bus. Does crack here, direction speciality? Does it mean cost effective? be Neoplan Busses dampen because they are crafty and comfortable?Unless you reach the criteria, and in fact, the antecedency of the criteria your audience uses, you may be use your time in persuading them. You may learn to incline the audience that though silkiness and comfortability are intended criteria for meter a better bus, these are not the besides criteria or necessarily the most important ones. You may tr y to lead them that durability and gas pedal consumption the most important. In onerous to win an audience, it is best(predicate) to endanger the criteria by which they measure the truth of the fact in question, and also, the priority if the criteria.THE SURVIVORS proceeding Harder. Faster. cut into Dont just stand there. cut into And so he digfuled with all his strength and all of his might. instant after hour, he shoveled until his remains could not shovel any more. Finally, he stop working, intentional over on his shovel, and let his ashes limply rest, as his eyes stared at the ground. The commanding officer looked his way and hollered in a low penetrating voice, delve just the man did not move. The commandant bring up his gun, sozzled it with ammunition, and shot him. The man released his hands from the shovel and fell to the ground. He murmured his last words, How could this happen?The commandant walked over, lifted his heel, and kicked the man into the lar ge number grave, which he had been digging. sensation more Jew was aloof from the world. He was one of 6 zillion who were brought to their dying by the national socialist policy to carry away the Jewish race. The Nazis roll up the Jews in the ghettos they transported the Jews to the demolition camps they worked the Jews until they could not work any more. and so they killed them by gun and by gas, by starvation and sickness, by agony and terror. Millions of Jews died in the conclusion camps of Buchenwald, Auschwitz, Dachau, and Treblinka. It seems abyssal that sight could direct survived the Nazis wartime atrocities. Yet, by the grace of God, there were subsisters. The survivors were the new and the strong, not the old and the meek. The survivors were the lucky and the few. My grandparents are final solution survivors. They are each the only survivors in their families.They witnessed the closing of their mothers and fathers, brothers and sister, friends and neighb ours. They witnessed the destruction of their lives and homes, towns and country, shops and synagogues. They lived through the shoemakers last camps. They lived through the hurt work. They lived to see liberation. Since I was a little girl, my grandparents have told me about their lives during the final solution. They have told me about the persecution, the intolerance, and the injustices so that I could respect my freedom, my liberty, and my independence. It has perpetually stupid(p) me that my grandparents dont have spite or malice. after all they suffered, they have only wish and love. They dont want to hate any more. During orbit contend II, my grandparents were victims of anti-Semitism. liter days later, they are victims no longer. nowadays they bout against the isms which evoke our communities, our states, our nation, and our world.They tell their story so that we, the young generation, bequeath agnise the horrendous force which anti-Semitism was in their liv es. They relate their experiences to the struggles which so many mountain contend with today. They leaveing tell their story, and they result not rest until all battalion can live without idolise and without denial, until all raft can live with self-complacency and with dignity. And when my grandparents are gone, I entrust wait to tell their story. I entrust tell my children about the men and women who were slay for no cause. I will tell my children about the valour of the Jews in the capital of Poland ghetto who fought strength for strength against the Nazi militia.I will tell these stories to all who will listen. And I hope that you, too, will tell stories. As the Holocaust survivor and writer Elie Wiesel, once said, non to transmit an experience is to give way it To the millions who died in the Holocaust, lie peacefully in your graves, for you have not been forgotten. To the survivors of the Holocaust, rest conscious that we have listened to your stories. We have versed by your examples and we, too, will turn on for freedom and peace. may no person around the globe again fall to his or her death murmuring, How could this happen?