Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher

Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher Framework International Corporation has prompted digestion and incorporation of various societies into different nations. It is as of now typical to discover a non-occupant working easily in a remote country. This is persuaded by various encounters and abilities that might be useful in a certain organisation.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, one zone has not valued the administrations of non-locals. Regardless of their excellent administrations in other business segments, non-local speakers have not been liked to train English language particularly to the locals. This is for the most part because of their emphasize that may meddle with the relational abilities of the students. Aside from impact of emphasize, different characteristics controlled by these educators qualify them to offer estimable administrations to understudies. Presentation Teaching dialects in orga nizations is a basic issue that has been a wellspring of discussion on the decision of an English instructor. In choosing an educator for a specific subject, the organization for the most part thinks about capabilities and experience of the instructor and their ability to deal with the subject. Different issues like race and social foundation are immaterial issues. In any case, with regards to decision of a language instructor, rules are reconsidered to decide if the educator is a local speaker or not. Utilizing a local speaker is a standard applied in numerous schools at whatever point they need to enroll an English instructor. Aside from the vital scholarly capabilities, school organization will need to know who among the candidates is a local speaker, and who isn't. From that point the non-local speakers are dispensed with regardless of whether their scholarly capabilities are better than those of the local applicants.Advertising Looking for exposition on instruction? We should c heck whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to, Phan (2008 pp 24-26), these candidates are not allowed to communicate their capacity; ‘it is accepted that on account of their primary languages impact they won't have the option to convey quality administrations to students’ A non-local speaker being denied an open door doesn't just include the school organization, a few organizations who have permitted non-local educators to deal with language classes have gotten negative reaction from understudies who like to be instructed by a local speaker. Such a demeanor is planted in their psyches and they feel that a non-local instructor may not comprehend their language needs. A portion of these understudies are not prepared to tune in to the instructor not in light of the nature of their administrations yet basically on the grounds that he is non-local speaker. The conversation underneath is a basic investigation of both the favorable circumstances and burdens of a local and non-local language instructor. Local instructor points of interest impediments Schools and understudies may lean toward a local educator since he has a profound comprehension of the language. Contrasted with the non-locals who needed to get familiar with the language at later stage, a local educator is utilized to the language since they have been learning it since they were borne. Ellis (2002 pp 75-78) specifies that being local additionally gives an educator a favorable position of knowing students’ feeble regions when learning a language. They will coordinate what they experienced as they grew up learning the language and the gained abilities about the language that places them in a superior situation to deal with the genuine learning issues of their understudies. Local educators are not influenced by the highlight. Complement is a significant part of correspondence that no parent, school or understudy will want to settle. A local e ducator will guarantee that their understudies are distinguished by their accent.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Is a Native Speaker the Best Teacher? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A non-local is probably going to meddle with it through the way to express words for instance; an Italian can without much of a stretch be recognized from an American by their pronunciation. A local instructor gives a favorable learning condition to the understudies who take a gander at that person as an individual they can without much of a stretch relate to which gives them certainty. A local instructor will have the option to deal with a beginner’s class by giving vital interpretations to students who may not be acquainted with some troublesome words. Regardless of the inclinations of a local educator above, the individual in question may not generally be the most ideal decision for the understudies because of certain reasons. A local instructor take s numerous things that understudies should be educated for conceded. This is on the grounds that; the individual in question has aced the language so much, that it may not be anything but difficult to convey the best administrations to the understudies. Some local instructors who are favored in view of their experience may not really have educating aptitudes. There is a distinction among composed and communicated in English that thought when instructing. A local instructor might be articulate yet feeble with regards to the composed language. Local instructors may depend on their experience of communicating in the language to show understudies as opposed to utilizing their specialized abilities. This makes it difficult for the understudies to get familiar with the essential standards of the language that structure its establishment. Non-local focal points impediments Despite the segregation that has existed for long against a non-local educator, the person is a decision that ought to be given need. Initial, a non-local educator who has enthusiasm for an unknown dialect uncovers how much energy he has for it that he chose to seek after it as a career.Advertising Searching for paper on training? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More His profession isn't principally founded on winning a living yet in addition on enthusiasm. He will in this way convey the best administrations as he urges the understudies to adore the language energetically. A non-local educator has a superior comprehension of the difficulties that students of a language experience because of comparable experience he has had, Llurda, (2006 pp 22-25). Along these lines, non-local instructor comprehends the genuine zones that students will confront trouble and help them as needs be. In spite of their difficulties in highlight, non-local instructors are enriched with essential aptitudes required for learning and showing the language that places them in a superior situation to show it viably. Understudies who experience issues in getting a handle on the language can generally be roused and spurred by their non-local educator. He will be a model they can turn upward to and get confirmation that on the off chance that he caused it in spite of their exper ience they to can likewise make it. Notwithstanding, a non-local instructor will most likely be unable to convey quality administrations to the understudies because of various shortcomings. His pronunciation may influence the communicated in language of understudies that may make them to free their personality. For example, there is a distinction among German and American English. On the off chance that a student of American root communicates such a great amount with a German English educator, the understudy will in general get such a complement, that may commit others error him to be a German. Non-local instructors impact the social convictions of the understudies, in refering to models for sentence development; an educator of German inception will site models according to his experience. This is a result of the mix of social viewpoint to the learning procedure that may cause the understudies to learn to a greater degree a remote culture than their own. A non-local instructor may n ot be favored for a beginner’s class since; the person will most likely be unable to make an interpretation of some English words to the local language for appropriate comprehension. Most understudies hold a specific negative demeanor towards non-local instructors. Such understudies may not be persuaded that the individual is able to show them appropriately. Non-local instructors are now and again separated in light of their experience, for example some African Americans might be loathed due to their skin shading. This may scare them subsequently influence the nature of their administrations to understudies. Contention for non-local predominance When a line is drawn between the characteristics of a language educator, unmistakably a non-local instructor is basically separated on disposition ground. A non-local educator has the right stuff, information, experience and energy for the language. At the point when this properties are joined together and acknowledged in schools, the understudies can get the best learning administrations of a language, Ellis (2002 pp 93-97). Most schools fear utilizing non-local educators on account of the reaction the understudies will have against them. This little issue can be tackled by the school organization. Denying the instructor opportunity to educate in a school because of opposition from the understudies is a factor that has added to such segregation. It shows the failure of an organization to assume responsibility for school undertakings and rather giving understudies such position. This likewise shows their shortcoming in organization by recommending that they settled on an off-base decision in their choice methodology. The school organization ought not engage such obstruction of a non-local instructor from their understudies. When the instructor has been measured for quality, understudies must be guaranteed that the individual is the most ideal decision that will convey quality-educating administrations. Most unde rstudies will oppose them in light of the fact that the organization has not given them an affirmation of his capabilities. It is the job of the organization to free such kind from mentalities among understudies by urging them to esteem an instructor as per his capacity. Regardless of their experience, non-local instructors are prepared and qualified to show English as their subsequent language, in actuality a large portion of them have gone through trustworthy organizations that offer quality aptitudes in the educating calling. Denying

A History Of The British Labour Party Politics Essay

A History Of The British Labor Party Politics Essay The Labor Party is an ideological group in Great Britain that is just around 110 years of age. The gathering was shaped in 1900 as an outgrowth of the worker's organization development and to change Parliaments interests. The explanation the Labor Party needed Parliament changed was on the grounds that the individuals who shaped the gathering felt that Parliament was not speaking to the interests of everyone in Britain. The individuals who felt disregarded by Parliament were dedicated individuals, communists, and unionists. During the beginning periods, the Labor party battled to have a quick effect in Britains political framework and the partys pioneers needed to take care of their battle. The Labors heads worked with Liberal Governments during 1906-1914 to assist themselves with increasing some type of political ground. The Liberal gatherings in the long run split in 1916 and the Labor Party considered this to be an ideal chance to acquire power. The 1918 political race demonstrate d a urgent point for the Labor Party and despite the fact that they didn't win the general political race, they left away with one-fourth of the vote. The explanation the 1918 political decision was so fruitful for the Labors was a result of World War I reaching a conclusion and the development of womens testimonial. On December 6, 1923, the Labor Party won the general political race lastly arrived at the major political office without precedent for its partys history. The gathering just held office for a couple of months under Ramsay MacDonald, and neglected to get reappointed for a subsequent term. A principle purpose behind the gathering not getting reappointed was a result of the Zinoviev letter. The letter was distributed in British press expressing that there were associations between Russian Communists and the Labor Party. Because of hostile to socialism in Great Britain, the Labors lost the 1924 political decision just as 40 seats in the House of Commons. The Zinoviev letter later ended up being phony, however the harm was at that point never really Labor Party. The Labor Party would bounce back later in 1929, however the significant political race they won came in 1945. The critical political race trailed the Second World War. At the point when the war finished in May 1945, Winston Churchill required a general political decision a couple of months after the fact in July. The Labor Party was running under the trademark of Let Us Face the Future, and its message was that Britain can't come back to destitution and joblessness like the 1930s. The Labor Party additionally vowed to expel sickness, need, dirtiness, numbness, and joblessness. The Labors wound up winning in an avalanche and this gave the gathering the chance of rolling out noteworthy improvements for Great Britain. After the urgent political decision in 1945, the Labor Party by and by was chosen in 1950 and this denoted the first run through in the Partys history where they won sequential races. Following the 1950 political race, the Labor Party would just be in office for around 14 years till 1997. The Conservative Party commanded the general decisions, winning three sequential terms in 1951-1959 and four back to back terms in 1979-1992. This was an aftereffect of inside battling of the Labor Party and as a result, individuals isolates from the gathering to shape the Social Democratic Party in 1981. These impacts kept the Labor Party separate from strength for about three decades and would not return to control until Labor Party up-and-comer Tony Blair was on the ballot. Blair hosted become the get-together pioneer in 1994 and won the 1997 general political race in an avalanche. Blairs term was additionally called the New Labor since it was viewed as a detachment from the old Labor for having various approaches, for example, one known as the Third Way. The New Labor term was demonstrated to be an ideal choice for Blair since he won the following two races and this turned in to the Labor Partys first time winning three back to back races. Blair didn't turn out to be exceptionally well known with Great Britain and its residents on account of his position on the Iraq War. Blair wound up leaving on June 27, 2007 and Gordon Brown was given the Prime Minister position after Blairs renunciation. Gordon Brow was the Chancellor of the Exchequer during Blairs term as Prime Minister of Great Britain. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is a Cabinet position liable for all monetary and money related issues. The economy was one of the principle worries for both Blair and Brown, however Blair needed to beat Thatcherism and actualize another procedure for fixing the economy. There were numerous ideological stages that Blair ran during the 10 years of being Prime Minister, however one of the principle ones was revising the economy. The way Blair

Period 4 Essay Example For Students

Period 4 Essay November 3, 1997Mr. RuppelMillers McCarthynistic IdeaThe play was enlivened by Millers conviction that the delirium encompassing the black magic preliminaries resembled the contemporary political atmosphere of McCarthysim. McCarthysim is Senator Joseph McCarthys over the top journey to reveal a socialist penetration of American establishments. Socialism is a hypothesis of social change supporting an awkward society. In a tactless society there is mayhem. In the accompanying we will talk about how Millers political perspectives and encounters affected his situation on sexual orientation and class in the pot. In a socialist society, the male sexual orientation is consistently prevailing. Ladies arent permitted to cast a ballot or hold political office. Everything they do is remain at home while the man of the house works, and keeps an eye on the family tasks. In the play, all the ladies are housewives however some worked harder than others. For instance, Mrs. Delegate a typical house s pouse says Pray God. It hurt my heart to skin her, poor bunny. She gone out in the forested areas without anyone else to get supper. The man of the house expects supper on the table when they return home. This is a case of a typical socialist society. All through the entire play, ladies are being blamed for black magic. A man could have never been blamed for black magic back then. Men were the predominant sexual orientation. Tituba is a dark hireling who was seen in the forested areas evidently rehearsing black magic. She is accused for the wrongdoing, likely in light of the fact that she is a hireling of the lower class. Be that as it may, as the play goes on, an increasingly ridiculous society happen. That is the point at which the ladies of the high society get accused for the wrongdoing. At the hour of the play, ladies were hesitant to blame men for any sore of wrongdoing. Reverend Hale is the man sent to Salem to explore the crime.When he inquires as to whether she saw anybody with the fallen angel she says Man or lady. Was-was a ladies. She didnt know what it's identity was, however undoubtedly it was a ladies. Being a hireling in 1692, she realizes that man couldnt be blamed for black magic. She truly didnt see the individual with the fallen angel since it was dull. So she recently accepted that it was a ladies in light of the fact that a man would have never been seen with the fallen angel. On the off chance that she had said that she saw a man with the fiend, nobody would have trusted her. The black magic preliminaries cause incredible disarray in Salem. Among them selves ladies were being dealt with equivalent on account of the absence of social classes. Tituba (a hireling) was being dealt with that equivalent as Mrs. Delegate (the spouse of a town figure). The specialists were prepared to prison anybody, regardless of what their identity was. For instance, Cheever is an appointee who was doled out to capture individuals for whom he had warrants. He went to The Proctors house to capture Mrs. Delegate for having a Voodoo doll with a needle stuck in it. The prior night, Abby had felt a torment in her side, much the same as a needle. Little did Cheever know, the doll wasnt Mrs. Delegate, it was her hirelings. At the point when her worker admitted to responsibility for doll, Cheever despite everything captured Mrs. Delegate. In the Crucible, the male sex is dealt with all the more thoughtfully. The bias towards the female sexual orientation reflects Millers political and individual perspectives. This equals his McCarthynistic thought. All through the play we see this thought at the hour of the black magic preliminaries Salem transformed into a socialist society. Which in truth caused bedlam where it wasnt required.

Residential Schools Essay -- Canadian Education, Canadian Government

Contextual analysis: Residential Schools Analyzing the private educational system in Canada between the 1870s and 1996 uncovered various human rights and common freedoms infringement of people by the legislature. This contextual investigation includes both by law separation and accepted segregation experienced by Aboriginals dependent on their way of life. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms explicitly secures Aboriginal rights under area 25 and segment 15 proclaims that, â€Å"Every individual is equivalent under the watchful eye of and under the law† (Sharpe and Roach, 2009, p. 307). Human rights and common freedoms of Aboriginal youngsters and guardians were overlooked and damaged by private schools which were fuelled by government strategy, motivation of chapel associations, and an open want to acclimatize the local populace into Canadian culture. Government Policy Acclimatizing the native populace into Canadian culture was viewed as the best answer for taking out the expenses related with this section of society accepting assets for being dependents of the government. When the way toward molding understudies into perfect residents has been finished, they would be conceded full citizenship and consequently emancipates them. The evacuation settlement rights and clan connection would imply that the government is not, at this point confronted with the money related weight related with thinking about these people groups (Akhtar, 2010, p. 113). Since kids can possibly effectively adjust to circumstances, they are ideal contender for socialization programs which slip them into society. At the point when the arrangement of forceful human advancement was upheld by the Canadian government, open subsidizing opened up for the private school venture which included stripping native offspring of their cultur... ...ess to the issue and perceiving the issues with this strategy will help forestall further infringement of rights and freedoms. End The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is set up to guarantee the residents of Canada are shielded from nonsensical infringement by the legislature. At the point when the absorption approach was received there was no real way to decide the extensive impacts that it would have on native kids and their families. After some time cultural perspectives change and the arrangements are legitimately influenced so this sort of human rights infringement would be less satisfactory. Shaking things up can realize change and carry attention to a subject that was frequently disregarded. In a country which prides it’s self on being a multicultural mosaic, private schools fuelled by approach, strict associations and the general population ought to be blasted down forever.

Top Topics For Proposal Essay

Top Topics For Proposal EssayThere are many topics for a proposal essay. They can include anything from the fact that you have been accepted to a job to your goals and dreams. When writing an essay proposal, it's important to include information about your qualifications for the position, as well as anything that would be beneficial to your interviewer. Once you have determined what the interview will be about, it is time to decide what you want to say.One way to start is to ask the person to tell you what they are looking for in an employee. Use this as a starting point as you work your way through the questions and writing tips below. It is important to list down all of the things that will be helpful to the interview, so you know how to answer them in your proposal.Start with the first question, the purpose of the interview. Explain what you will do for the company, and what you hope to accomplish there. Give examples of previous projects that demonstrate how your skills would be useful to the company.Include any references that are pertinent to the company. These could be previous employees, or clients. You will need to include them in your essay, because your goal is to get them to call the company back and hire you. As well, you will be able to show how much you know about the company and the job. This is where professional references can make all the difference.Next, you will need to present a summary of the job description that is being asked for. This should include a broad overview of the position. Be sure to write down the duties for each level. Make sure to include anything that would be useful to the interviewer. This is how you will be able to convince them that you are an asset to the company.Don't pause here. Add more details on the job description as you go along. When writing a proposal, you should include everything about the job and the duties. You might even want to include the salary, if applicable.Write down the reasons why the person was hired, and how the resume can help the employer. In addition, this is how the person will be able to learn more about the job opening and other details about the job. Remember, you want to include a detailed description of what the hiring company is looking for in a candidate. If the person knows what they are applying for, it will increase their chances of getting the job.After this, it is important to give examples of past work, which demonstrate the abilities you have listed on your resume. The examples will help the hiring company to determine if you are the right person for the job. In addition, if you are successful at the job, you might even be considered for a raise at a later date.

Stilwell, Joseph Warren

Stilwell, Joseph Warren Stilwell, Joseph Warren, 1883â€"1946, American general, b. Palatka, Fla. Commissioned in the army in 1904, he fought in World War I and later served for 13 years in China. In Feb., 1942, during World War II, he went back to China, where he became (Mar., 1942) Chiang Kai-shek's chief of staff and commander of U.S. troops in the China-Myanmar-India area. Defeated in Myanmar by the Japanese troops, he retreated (May, 1942) through the jungles to India, where he built up forces for the successful counterattack (1943â€"44) in Myanmar. In Oct., 1944, Stilwell was recalled to the United States because of friction with Chiang. He became (Jan., 1945) chief of Army Ground Forces and commanded the U.S. 10th Army on Okinawa in the final months of the war. A frequently tactless but astute general, he was known as Vinegar Joe. His experiences in Asia are recorded in the Stilwell Papers (ed. by T. H. White, 1948; repr. 1972). See study by B. Tuchman (1972). The Columbia Electronic Encyclop edia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Maximize Direct Mail Marketing Results by Raising Your Postal IQ

You've started the day with a sales rally and the pep talk of your life. All of your agents have come in for the start of an important new campaign. They've reviewed the direct mail piece sent out earlier in the week. They're educated on the offer. They've never been readier to sell. Everything and every person is in place. And the phones are silent. It's a marketing manager's nightmare. Experience tells you that once the letters are mailed, you have no way of predicting when they'll arrive in mailboxes, much less where they're stuck at this moment. The success of your campaign is at the mercy of a system that appears to send mail through a time warp with variable results. Related: Direct mail marketing: Does it still work in 2018? In reality, there's nothing so mysterious about the U.S. Postal Service. It works efficiently to deliver billions of mail pieces each year. The system tracks the location of each piece of mail from the time it's dropped by the sender to when it lands in the local mail carrier's hands en route to its final destination. Working with a direct mail provider who understands these systems and puts them to work for you can prepare you for the time phones actually start ringing. When you're this prepared, you have the power to maximize your profits. Method in the madness The USPS works much like the hub-and-spoke system of major airlines. Business mail enters the stream at Bulk Mail Entry Units (or BMEUs). Then it's sent to Bulk Mail Centers (the hubs, also called BMCs) or directly to Sectional Center Facilities (the spokes, also called SCFs). Generally speaking, each SCF handles mail for which the first three digits of a zip code match. From the SCF, mail is sent to local post offices or Destination Delivery Units (also called DDUs). Made in Lucidchart As with airlines, you can pay more to have your mail travel first-class. Though it will travel on the same planes, trains and autos as standard class mail, the first-class designation means the mail will receive priority handling. If postal workers run out of time to sort all the mail that comes to them that day, standard mail must go on standby for a delayed trip. Still, the USPS requires standard mail to be processed within a certain timeframe, so it won't be stranded with an indefinite layover. Built-in accountability Two key reporting documents can help you track your direct mail marketing pieces. The USPS provides a 3602 postal receipt when mail is dropped by the sender at the BMEU. This stamped receipt, provided either in electronic or paper form, will show: the total number of pieces the date they were accepted the exact amount of the postage The 3602 receipt is given to your direct mail provider at no cost, and it should be passed along to you free of charge. Many direct mail providers also create tracking reports that help you maximize your campaign's ROI. Each piece handled by the USPS is stamped with an intelligent bar code, which is scanned at each step in the delivery process, from initial drop-off to the DDU. Direct mail providers can locate pieces in the system and predict when they will arrive at their destination. Knowledge is power The receipt and tracking reports help in two major ways: You can confirm that your provider printed and mailed the correct number of pieces, and you can plan your mail drop so that delivery occurs at a convenient time for you. By using first-class mail, you maintain greater control over when your direct mail will be delivered. Standard mail is roughly 10 cents cheaper, but it may be delayed by several days. You should choose the latter option only if you're prepared to take customer calls every day that mail is delivered. A knowledgeable, experienced direct mail provider will have discovered clear trends in mail delivery speed based on the day mail is entered at the BMEU. They will help to time your mail drop so that it arrives on days when your office is open, so you can schedule sufficient staff to handle the extra call volume. Experienced providers will also have gathered enough data from their tracking reports to estimate varying delivery times in different states. If you know ahead of time that delivery is likely to come a day earlier in the Eastern time zone than in the Pacific, you can schedule extra morning workers early in the week and more evening workers later in the week. With valuable tracking information and experienced professionals at your side, you will avoid dropped calls and increase your sales. First-class all the way If you're choosing first-class for your mail, why not upgrade your direct mail provider as well? Many marketers choose a provider based solely on the final cost-per-piece, but it's worth working with someone who services your account beyond the basics. Before you undertake your next mailing, consider the added value of a direct mail provider who will: time the mailing of your piece for maximum results consult with you on expected delivery rates provide a stamped postal receipt to verify the order track the delivery rate to help you measure your success help you plan future direct mail marketing campaigns In many cases, the cost of these extras may be only slightly higher than the competition. However, you gain a strategic partner with the potential to improve your results. You can't get more "first-class" than that. Ready to create your own direct mail designs in minutes? Check out our direct mail postcard templates.

The Functions of Sleep Essay - 1096 Words

The Functions of Sleep FUNCTIONS OF SLEEP: #61623; Sleep has not one main function but many. #61623; A most popular theory on why we sleep is the restorative theory of sleep: #61623; Restorative Theory: the theory of sleep that states that we sleep in order to replenish the processes of our minds and bodies that are depleted during the coarse of everyday life. #61623; Increases in low wave sleep correlate with increases in physical activity #61623; During REM sleep, proteins and other cellular components are returned to body #61623; But is the restorative theory valid? #61623; Second Wind Phenomenon, the fact that peoples sleepiness disappears when they have not slept counters the restorative theory.†¦show more content†¦#61623; People who work nights experience more physical problems and more stress. #61623; The goal is to avoid, clocks on collision, and to allow internal clocks to match external clocks, this is why night shifts are often on weekly rotation. SLEEP-WAKEFULNESS AS A CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: #61623; Free Running Rhythms: are the natural rhythms that occur in the absence of time cues; typically running about 25 hours in humans. #61623; An example of the detrimental consequences of the collision of external and internal clocks is jet lag. #61623; Jet Lag: internal biological clocks collide with external clocks as a result of moving across several time zones. STAGES OF SLEEP: #61623; Sleep is not uniform activity, but one produced of different brain waves throughout the night. #61623; 1953: Eugene Aserinsky and Nathaniel Klietman noticed periodic bursts of eye-movement during sleep. #61623; REM Sleep (Rapid Eye-Movement Sleep): a stage of sleep associated with dreaming, and characterized by frequent eye movements, suppression of the muscles. #61623; NREM Sleep (non-rapid eye movement sleep): all sleep occurring outside of REM sleep. #61623; There are five stages of sleep, REM and NREM stages 1, 2, 3, 4. #61623; The typical sleeping pattern is 1-2-3-4-3-2-REM #61623; Prior to Stage #1: there is a period of drowsiness in which appear alphaShow MoreRelatedOn the Function and Evolution of Sleep1544 Words   |  7 PagesOn the Function and Evolution of Sleep If physiologists devoted the most research time to behaviors humans engaged in the most, we would probably have a full understanding of the biological purpose of sleep. 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The researcher obtained research on this topic through various search engines, such as questia.com and Google Scholar. The results of the searches produced many different areas of the subject, so the range of information was narrowed to several broad topics. The areas of performance t he researcher chose were: general cognitive/motor; medicalRead MoreThe Effects Of Sleep Deprivation On Basic Vital Signs And Cognitive Function Essay1433 Words   |  6 Pages A Review of a Sleep Deprivation Study The Effects of Total Sleep Deprivation on Basic Vital Signs and Cognitive Function in Humans Leighton S. Holliday University of the People Introduction In today’s society sleep deprivation has reached a level where it becomes a serious problem and over the past thirty years scientist have been studying the negative consequences of insufficient sleep. 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This disorder of arousal is characterized by complex motor behaviors initiated during stages 3 and 4 of non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep (slow-wave sleep) (3). Behaviors during sleepwalking episodes can vary greatly. Some episodes are limited to sitting up, fumbling and getting dressed, while others include more complex behaviors such as walking, driving a car, or preparing a meal (2). After awakening, the sleepwalker

Malnutrition Essay - 1715 Words

Cassidy Burkholder Informative Paper English Comp. 1 Mr. Broadfoot 20th of November 2012 Malnutrition Around the World For most us Americans, knowing when we’re going to eat next is something we very rarely think of, and when we do think about being hungry we still know where our food is coming from. Three big meals a day, and a few snacks in between, is how most of us live. It’s hard for us to imagine what its like for those who go days eating very little or nothing at all. But unfortunately that’s how it is for most of the world and surprisingly it happens in the United Sates as well. There are many reasons malnutrition can happen, and it happens to every age group. Even though there are many ways to treat it, in the†¦show more content†¦The ten states who felt it the most were Mississippi, New Mexico, Texas, South Carolina, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Utah, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Arizona. (Haerens 36) While there are malnourished people in America, it is much worse all around the world, mostly in third world countries. There are three pred ominate reasons why third world countries are hit hard with malnutrition, 1) poor families aren’t given government help, 2) difficulties with economy and 3) higher food prices. (â€Å"2012 World Hunger†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) As stated in the website â€Å"2012 World Hunger and Poverty Facts and Statistics,† in the world there are 925 million hungry people, most of them in Asia, the Pacific and Africa. These people live on $1.25 or less a day. Minimum wage is $7.25 in the U.S., and most people work 8 hours a day, so that means they would be getting fifty-eight dollars a day. It would take someone in a third world country about forty-seven days to make what someone makes in America in 8 hours. And most of them spend that money on food and medical needs, but $1.25 is not enough. In the United States if a family doesn’t have enough money for medical help, they can still go see a doctor, but in other countries it’s very different. More than 30,000 children die per year from preventable sickness because they can’t go see a doctor. And as for food, Americans have access to food every hour of the day. The wealthiest 5th of the world consumes 86% of all goods, as stated in Child Welfare League ofShow MoreRelatedHunger, Malnutrition, And Malnutrition1102 Words   |  5 Pages Hunger and malnutrition in Africa has been on the increase, have affected many Africans in different ways since 1900’s. Children and adults both are facing devastating hunger and malnutrition crisis across a south of Africa. Some of the regions that are strongly affected by hunger and malnutrition issues includes Countries like Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia. Commonness of malnourishment in total populations of Kenya is 28% in Ethiopia 37% and in Zambia 45%. 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Furthermore, the population of Nepal, especially women and children, are affected by major micronu trient deficiencies. Malnutrition increases the risk of mortality inRead MoreTaking a Look at Malnutrition1761 Words   |  7 PagesMalnutrition is defined as â€Å"lack of proper nutrition, caused by not having enough to eat, not eating enough of the right things, or being unable to use the food that one does eat†. Some may argue that the main concept of malnutrition has to do with the amount of food and water that a certain group of people consumes in a specific location. Others are more likely to argue that it has to do with the bacteria and things that the food and water contain. It is both of these things. Malnutrition is a seriousRead MoreThe Dangers Of Hunger And Malnutrition1432 Words   |  6 Pagesare facing the burden of hunger and undernutrition/malnutrition. Tackling hunger is one of the greatest challenges of the times. Hunger is triggered by multiple dimensions and causes, ranging from deficiencies in macro- and micro-nutrients, through short-term shocks on f ood access, to chronic shortages. The food and agriculture sectors play a major role in exaggerating the consequences of hunger and undernutrition. Extreme hunger and malnutrition/undernourishment remains a barrier to sustainable

Attachment Theory Is The First Theory - 833 Words

Victoria Jones is a young woman who has spent her life growing up in the foster care system. Never being placed in a home; Victoria is moved from house to house. Because of this Victoria struggles with trusting others and because of this comes off as stubborn. There are many theories could be applied to understand why Victoria behaves the way she does. Attachment theory is the first theory. In the article written by Timothy Page the topic of attachment behavioral system functions and the direct relation to fear/wariness is discussed. The study that was discusses was done by John Bowlby, and says that the instinct is to withdraw from the feared object. (Page). In Victoria’s case the feared object would be trusting relationships. Victoria came across as a very stubborn child, being told by Meredith that if she kept her actions up, she would be deemed unadoptable at age ten. Being sent to so many families only to be removed later caused Victoria to fear trusting Relationships. Victoria views the world as unsafe, and fears everyone will hurt her. The first time meeting Elizabeth, Victoria runs away and hides. No trusting her to make food she will enjoy because of what a past family did. Throughout her journey, Victoria would try and end relationships with others when she felt herself growing too close. By ending the relationship herself, she would avoid the pain of they other person hurting her if they ended the relationship However, Victoria’s relationship withShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Attachment theory centers around relationships and bonds formed between people. It generally focuses on long term relationships such as parents or caregivers and children. The theme of the theory is that if the primary caregiver is responsive to a child’s needs, then he or she will develop a sense of security. If a parent or caregiver does not provide this, a child will have trouble attaching and forming relationships in the future. There are theorists who have explored and researchedRead MoreAttachment Theory on Socio-Emtionals Development of Children1435 Words   |  6 PagesAttachment Theory: One of the most studied topics in today’s psychology is the attachment theory whose common references are from attachment models by Bowlby and Ainsworth. Since its introduction, the concept has developed to become one of the most significant theoretical schemes for understanding the socio-emotional development of children at an early stage. In addition, the theory is also developing into one of the most prominent models that guide parent-child relationships. Some of the keyRead MoreAttachment Theory1566 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment Theory John Bowlby was a psychoanalyst and has developed his knowledge and understanding into the theory of Attachment. 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This theory also explores a person’s everyday interactionRead MoreAspects Of Object Relations Theory Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesexamining all aspects of Object-Relations Theory. I am also going to be explaining the shortcomings of this theory. Presenting evidence that proves this theory to be strong and relevant to adolescent development into adulthood. Object Relations Theory is a theory that was developed from a therapist client relationship this theory examines the interpersonal relationships that you have and how they shape you into an adult thinker. (Scharff, D.E. 1992). This theory reflects the care that the mother hadRead MoreThe Support Influence On Development Of Insufficient Parental Care1733 Words   |  7 Pagesquality of early attachment relationships is correlated with future personality and brain development. â€Å"The Attachment Theory is a foundation theory, developed by Bowlby. It focusses on the form, quality, and strengths of human attachments made in early life and their effects on development in pro social behaviors† (Tuner, 2011, p.30). Practitioners have found that the importance of forming a bond with a child from birth has the possibility to shape the life of a person. â€Å"Attachment Theory has emergedRead MoreTheories And Research Studies Into Attachment1227 Words   |  5 PagesBiological, development or social approaches to psychology WIZ204 Evaluate theories and research studies into Attachment. Bowlby’s theory of attachment The theory of attachment was first proposed by a British psychoanalyst John Bowlby (1907-1990) who described it as a ‘lasting psychological connectedness between human beings’ (1988). 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Research suggests the key to socialRe ad MoreAttachment Theory Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesChris Livoti 3/5/13 IB Psychology Mrs. Urso John Bowlby is the pioneer of the attachment theory and worked with children who had been separated from their parents during World War 2. He observed that many of these children developed emotional problems, and he made the connection that the emotional problems stemmed from the separation from the mother. Bowlby was born in London to an upper class family, and would rarely see, and interact with hisRead MoreQuestions On Theories Of Attachment Essay1191 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstand Theories of Attachment. Evaluating two theories that explain the development of the infant attachment to parents or surrogates. Ainsworth and Bell’s theory, based on Strange Situation Test (SST), and Bowlby’s monotropic theory will be evaluated and shall show their usefulness in psychological research. Summary of Attachment. An attachment is, to quote Kagan et al. (1978, cited in Gross, 2015), â€Å"†¦an intense emotional relationship that is specific to two people, that endures over time,

The Roaring Twenties A Time Of Economic Prosperity

What came to be known as the Roaring Twenties was a time of economic prosperity following the First World War. At the crest of Jazz Age, when traditional norms were tested and culture was displayed through music and literature, American consumerism was at its peak. From Ford’s automobiles to the smallest of household appliances, from houses to stock market bonds, the average American used credit to purchase all of these appliances. However, at the height of this consumerism, the wealth gap amidst the affluent and the impoverished refused to contract in size. At this moment, 0.1 percent of the elite acquired the same total income as 42 percent of the Nation’s population. With the average personal debt rising and the overproduction of consumer goods too stubborn to decrease; on October 29, 1929, otherwise known as Black Tuesday, the stock market crashed. Unlike others before it, this crash impacted a significant amount of the Nation’s population; predominantly due to its prosperity within the last decade as a result of foreign market advantages during the First World War. Black Tuesday came to be known as the event that set in motion what was the worst economic collapse in history, the infamous Great Depression, which lasted over a decade. Former President of the United States, Herbert Hoover, passed it on as â€Å"a passing incident in our national lives.† As a result of his belief in rugged individualism, Hoover concluded that it was not up to the federal government to try andShow MoreRelatedWorld War I And The Great War1196 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped from this 20th century time period under the influence of mass media. World War I, or the Great War, was one of the bloodiest wars of all time. It was a war sparked by militarism, alliance, imperialism, and nationalism. 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Gray and Goldsmith’s Attitudes towards Loss Free Essays

Death as man’s fate can never be controlled by anyone or by anything. This is what one can infer from the poems of Thomas Gray and Oliver Goldsmith. These poems deal about death or loss of life and all other losses humans experience in life. We will write a custom essay sample on Gray and Goldsmith’s Attitudes towards Loss or any similar topic only for you Order Now Consequently, this paper is a comparative analysis of the attitudes of Gray and Goldsmith towards death or loss in their poems. This includes a discussion of the similarities and differences of the poet’s attitude which can be deduced from the speaker’s involvement or attachment, the speaker’s feelings towards the subject and the tone of the poems â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† by Thomas Gray and â€Å"The Deserted Village† by Oliver Goldsmith. Obviously, both poets have similar attitudes and feelings about the subject. However, Gray communicates stronger attitudes about loss or death in his poem than what Goldsmith articulates about the subject in his poem. To begin with, Gray’s â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† is a poem composed of 128 lines grouped into stanzas and it focuses on the dead people buried in a country churchyard. While, Goldsmith’s â€Å"The Deserted Village† is a poem consisting of 430 lines grouped into irregular number of lines per thought and it talks of the wretchedness of a village named Auburn. These poems have the following similarities. Initially, both poets are emotionally attached to the topic on hand. Gray feels the loss as he contemplates of his own death someday. Meanwhile, Goldsmith has personally experienced the loss of happy memories in Auburn especially in the first 34 lines of the poem. Next, the poems â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† and â€Å"The Deserted Village† attest that death prevents humans from doing what they were used to doing and from experiencing the pleasures they used to experience. In lines 17 to 28 of Gray’s poem, the speaker cites that the dead can no longer wake up every morning with the sounds of the â€Å"swallow†, the â€Å"cock† and the horn, be with their wife and children or go to work in the farm fields. Likewise, lines 243 to 250 of Goldsmith’s poem say that those who die can no longer enjoy the different pleasures in life. Another is that according to the two poems, death or loss will come to any person regardless of his/ her social position, prestige and economic status. No one is exempted from experiencing death. It comes to the poor as well as to the rich. It comes to the kind and to the unkind. This is exemplified in the lines 33 to 40 of Gray’s poem which point that even the rich will die and their riches will not prevent death or loss from happening. It is also cited in the lines 107 and 109 of Goldsmith’s poem that man will â€Å"meet his latter end† and will go down â€Å"to the grave†. The lives of the â€Å"village preacher† in lines 140 to 187 and the â€Å"village master† in lines 196 to 240 both exemplify that death comes to anyone in the poem â€Å"The Deserted Village†. Subsequently, both poems show that a human being goes to another place after his or her life on earth is over. Gray mentions the word â€Å"heaven† found in line 124 and â€Å"God† in the last line of the poem. Goldsmith also speaks of â€Å"heaven† in lines 112 and 188. This means that both poets believe that when death comes to a person, he or she has the hope of going to heaven to be with God who is the creator of man and of the universe. Lastly, the tone of Gray and Goldsmith’s poems is similarly mournful, hopeful and wishful. Since the poems talk about death or loss, they are obviously in a state of mourning for the dead. Gray evokes an atmosphere of mourning in the first twelve lines of the poem with the images of â€Å"the parting day† (line 1), the farmer going home, and the coming of darkness. Gray also uses the wailing of the â€Å"owl† in line 10 to conjure this tone. Meanwhile, Goldsmith uses the words â€Å"saddens† in line 38, â€Å"cries† in line 46, â€Å"griefs† in line 84 among others to present this tone. But in spite of the tone of mourning in these poems, they also express the hopes and wishes of the poets that after death or loss, there will be a new life or a new beginning as alluded to in words â€Å"heaven† in lines 122 and 124 and the word â€Å"Father† and â€Å"God† in line128 of Gray’s poem. In addition, Goldsmith mentions the word â€Å"heaven† in line 188 and the phrase â€Å"worlds beyond the grave in line 374 of his poem. The differences in the attitudes and feelings of Gray and Goldsmith towards loss in their poems are the following: first, Gray seems to feel uninvolved in the poem because he uses the pronouns â€Å"them† and â€Å"their† most of the time. Perhaps, this is because he does not personally know the people who died and who were laid in the country churchyard. In fact, he was just making guesses or contemplating of possibilities of what these could have become and what could have happened to them if they did not die yet. In contrast, Goldsmith feels very involved because he uses the personal pronouns â€Å"my† and â€Å"I† for many times in the poem. This could mean that what he has written in the poem is based on his very own experiences. Second, Gray demonstrates that death prevents anyone from achieving their ambitions or from discovering their hidden potentials. This can be interpreted from lines 45 to 64 where Gray elaborates the things that those who have died could have done in their lives if they were still alive. The speaker thinks of someone who could be a â€Å"Penury† in line 51, a â€Å"Hampden† in line 57, a â€Å"Milton† in line 59, and a â€Å"Cromwell† in line 60. On the contrary, Goldsmith does not mention the what- could-have-been in his poem because he primarily talks about the loss of the simple pleasures as part of village life. Third, Gray encourages that man should be prepared to die because it is a part of the natural course of life. Just as a day in a person’s life comes to an end as literally stated in lines 1 to 4 of the poem so does a person’s life on earth ends. If there is a beginning, there is also an ending. Nothing is ever permanent in this world. Everything is temporary. What has been commonly quoted by many: â€Å"The only thing that does not change is change itself† and â€Å"There is an end to everything† are indeed true. Gray tells us in the poem that humans need to prepare for that time when they will die because it is inevitable. He even makes himself an example of a person who gets ready for his death. As a matter of fact, he includes in lines 116 to 128 of the poem an epitaph that is to be written in his own grave. However, Goldsmith implies fear or suggests dread for the day of one’s death in lines 363 to 370 of his poem. The words or phrases â€Å"sorrows gloom’d†, â€Å"look’d their last†, â€Å"wish’d in vain†, and â€Å"shudd’ring† gives an idea that the poet is not yet prepared to die if he feels that death is something that comes to everyone. Fourth, Gray presents that nothing can bring back a dead person to life. He asks in the form of rhetorical questions in lines 41 to 44 if the things he has mentioned are able to bring back a dead person’s â€Å"breath†. Since these are rhetorical questions, obviously the answer to all these is a resounding â€Å"NO†. There is really nothing that can be done or no one can do anything to make life come back to someone who is already dead. A realization can then be made based on this. A person has to do what he can do and what he wants to do while he/ she is still alive because when he dies he can never do them or he cannot return to life to do them. Goldsmith, on the other hand, does not talk about these things. Fifth, Gray feels that those who are still alive should honor and remember those who have died. This is implicitly expressed in lines 77 to 112. The words â€Å"memorial† (line 78), â€Å"tribute† (line 80), â€Å"forgetfulness† (line 85), â€Å"unhonour’d† (line 93), and â€Å"tale relate† (line 94) are some of the hints that tell us that the poet wants to be honored. He also wishes in these lines that a friend or a â€Å"kindred spirit† (line 96) would remember him when he has died. Contrariwise, Goldsmith does not refer to these hopes in his poem. Instead he has other things revealed. Sixth, Goldsmith in â€Å"The Deserted Village† presents that loss is caused by a person’s discontentment or his/ her desire for luxury and wealth. The loss specifically referred here is the loss of the â€Å"ignorance of wealth† which leads to the loss of the simple pleasures in life that is analogous to the loss of one’s own life. It can be surmised from the poem that when humans lose their desire for the simple sources of joy and happiness and instead desire for luxury and wealth, then destruction or loss of life results just like what happened to Auburn. The speaker implicitly condemns â€Å"luxury† which caused the desolation of Auburn in lines 51 to 56 and lines 385 to 390. The discontentment of the village people for the simple pleasures referred to in the words â€Å"sports† (line 18), â€Å"pastime† (line 19), â€Å"sleights of art and feats of strength† (line 22), â€Å"dancing† (line 25), and â€Å"laughter† (line 28) led the people to â€Å"leave the land† (line 50). This idea is indeed true but Gray was not able to mention it in his poem. Seventh, according to Goldsmith, loss causes pain or is very painful on the part of the person who has lost someone or something very dear to him/ her. The words â€Å"pain† in line 82, â€Å"vexations† in line 95, and the phrase â€Å"sorrow, guilt and pain† in line 172 prove that it is painful to loss someone or even something. Likewise, the loss of happy memories can be as painful as having lost one’s body part. Conversely, Gray is silent about pain in his poem. Perhaps, he does not consider a natural process of life which is death as something painful or something which causes sorrow. Eighth, Goldsmith proposes that loss comes after luxury, wealth and pleasures. So for him, one should stay away from these things. He even calls â€Å"luxury† as â€Å"curst by Heaven’s decree† in line 385. He also demonstrates through irony in lines 52 to 56 that when riches abound, men’s lives deteriorate. In addition, lines 63 to 74 support the proposition that â€Å"trade’s unfeeling train† (line 63) resulted to â€Å"mirth and manners† (line 74) being lost. Finally, the tone of Gray’s â€Å"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard† reveals his attitude or feelings for the poor, his readiness to die and his resignation to the inevitability of death whereas; the tone of Goldsmith’s poem is a mix of happiness, sadness, irony, and condemnation. Furthermore, the tone of Gray’s poem remains constant throughout the poem. In contrast, the tone of Goldsmith’s poem changes its tone from one feeling to another such as being happy then sad, ironic then condemning. To sum it up, both Gray and Goldsmith feel that death or loss comes to every human being whether he or she is poor, rich, kind or unkind at anytime. When loss comes, one can no longer do what he or she used to do or would want to do. And that loss comes with hope of going to heaven to be with God. How to cite Gray and Goldsmith’s Attitudes towards Loss, Papers

Edgar allan poe biography Essay Example For Students

Edgar allan poe biography Essay Edgar Allan Poe, known as the father of short stories, has written many short stories. A few examples are The Cask of Amontillado, The Tell-Tale Heart, and The Fall of the House of Usher. Poe is known all over the world for his eerie, spine-tingling tales of horror. Reading a story terrifies anddelights you (Sohn,1964,p.1). This nineteenth century writer made a serious impact in the short story and poem writing category forever. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19, 1809, in Boston,Massechusetts to David Poe and Elizabeth Arnold. When Poe wasby Poe is an experience comparable to a nightmare that both just twoyears old, his mother, a well-known actor, died of tuberculosis at the young age of twenty-five. Poes father, David Poe, also died when he was just two. After the passing of his parents, Poe was taken in by John Allan, a prosperous merchant from Richmond, Virginia, at the urging of his wife, Frances Allan. Poe was never legally adopted by the Allans, but they did try to supply him with a good home and education. Poe grew up in Richmond, Virginia, where his foster parents lived. When he was six years old, he was taken to England with the Allan family and placed in the Manor House School, a private school conducted by a conductor just like the one in William Wilson, one of Poes short stories. Poe returned to the United States in 1820 where he continued to be taught in private schools. In 1826, Poe entered the University of Virginia, but only stayed for one year. He had to drop out because John Allan would no longer pay his tuition. The reason that Allan stopped paying Poes tuition was because he received bills from his gambling. He also became a heavy drinkerwhile at the University of Virginia. After that, Allan broke up Poesengagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his sweetheart from Richmond. In1827, Poe published his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems. With no support and no money, Poe then enisted in the United States army. Two years later, while his rank was sergeant-major, Poe received a discharge to enter West Point, with the help of Mr. Allan. But again, Poe felt that his foster father did not give him enough money, so he arranged to be court-martialed and dismissed from West Point.

The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay Essay This chapter consists of three parts. First is debut, following is literature reappraisals that review the critical points of old researches including substantial determination every bit good as theoretical and methodological parts to this similar subject. Last, a decision to this chapter. Research in the country of travel motivations is of import in understanding and foretelling the factors that influence travel decision-making ( Cha, S. , McCleary, K.W. and Uysal, M. , 1995 ) . Motivation is theoretically viewed as a province of demand, a status that serves as a driving force to expose different sorts of behavior toward certain types of activities, developing penchants, geting at some expected satisfactory result. ( Backman, K.F. Backman, S.J. , Uysal, M. and Sunshine, K.M.,1995 ) In peculiar, an apprehension of motive aid sellers attempts to accomplish and fulfill persons diverse desires and demands, cardinal elements that influence the procedure of travellers decision-making ( Crompton, J.L. and McKay S.L.,1997 ) . Surveies of motive therefore provide to foretell traveller s personal demands, outlooks, accomplishments, or benefits sought ( Formica, S. and Uysal, M.,1998 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Factors That Influence Travel Decision Making Tourism Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A brief reappraisal of travel motive research ( Table 1 ) published in three major touristry diaries Annalss of Tourism Research, Tourism Management, and Journal of Travel Research revealed that bing surveies have covered a broad scope of the spectrum, there are included the sociology of travel motive as a stimulator of existent behaviour ( Dann 1977 ; Mansfeld 1992 ) ; travel motive of different niche markets ( Clift and Forrest 1999 ; Dunn Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991 ; Hsu, Cai, and Wong 2007 ; Maoz 2007 ; Qu and Ping 1999 ; Rittichainuwat 2008 ) ; the development or empirical trial of travel motive measurings ( Crompton 1979 ; Dann 1981 ; Fodness 1994 ; Ryan and Glendon 1998 ) ; differences in motive among tourers with varied nationality and cultural backgrounds ( Kim and Prideaux 2005 ; Maoz 2007 ) , figure of visits ( Lau and McKercher 2004 ) , finishs and beginnings ( Kozak 2002 ) , sociodemographic feature ( Jang and Wu 2006 ; Fleischer and Pizam 2002 ) , or environmental attitu de ( Luo and Deng 2008 ) . Writers Survey Dann 1977 A sociological survey of travel motive, with a focal point on the push dimension of motive. Crompton 1979 The motive for pleasance holiday. Seven motive factors were identified through interviews. Dann 1981 Based on a literature reappraisal on travel motive, seven attacks of motive survey were identified. The use of different nomenclatures was besides discussed Dunn Ross and Iso-Ahola 1991 Motivation of sightseeing tourers in relation to their satisfaction Mansfeld 1992 The function of motive in travel behaviour and its complex nature Paul 1992 Travel motive of Canadian ecotourists Parrinello 1993 Relationship between expectancy and motive in postindustrial societies in the context of Western Europe Fodness 1994 A measurement graduated table was developed for leisure travel with 20 points. Lieux, weaver ; and McCleary 1994 Benefit cleavage of senior tourers from the United States Gnoth 1997 Development of theoretical theoretical account on motive and outlook formation Formica and Uysal 1998 Benefit cleavage of visitants to a cultural-historical event in Italy Ryan and Glendon 1998 The Leisure Motivation Scale was applied to tourism with British tourists. An brief version of holiday motive graduated table with 14 points was developed. Waller and Lea 1998 Relationship between genuineness seeking and enjoyment. The cognition dimension of motive was found to intercede this relationship. Clift and Forrest 1999 The motive of cheery work forces in relation to the type of finishs they preferred in the context of the United Kingdom Qu and Ping 1999 Motivation of sail choice in the context of Hong Kong Goossens 2000 The function of emotional constituent of travel motive in exciting existent travel behaviour Fleischer and Pizam 2002 Relationship between motive and Israeli senior travellers income and wellness Kozak 2002 Differences of motive among tourers sing different finishs and tourer from different states sing same finish with respondents from the United Kingdom and Germany Sirakaya, Uysal, and Yoshioka 2003 Benefits cleavage of Nipponese tourers to Turkey Lau and McKercher Differences of travel motive between first-time and repeat visitants to Hong Kong Kim and Prideaux 2005 A cross-cultural analysis on travel motive to South Korea among five national tourer groups Pearce and Lee 2005 Further development of the Travel Career Ladder by presenting Travel Career Pattern ( TCP ) . The relationship between old experience and motive was explored by TCP. Yoon and Uysal 2005 Causal relationship between push-pull motives, satisfaction, and finish trueness. Pull factors were found to negatively act upon satisfaction. Jang and Wu 2006 Influences of sociodemographic factors, economic position, wellness position, and positive and negative effects on travel motive among Chinese seniors Chang, wall, and Chu 2006 Benefits cleavage utilizing the freshness seeking graduated table in the context of Chinese tourers to Aboriginal attractive forces Nicolau and Mas 2006 Influences of travel distance and monetary value on finish choice, with travel motive as a moderator in the context of Spain Poria, Reichel, and Biran 2006 Relationship between perceptual experience of heritage as it is related to the tourers ain heritage and motive explored before the trip Snerpenger et Al. 2006 Tourists and recreationist were comparing utilizing Iso-Ahola s motive theory. The relationship between motive and old holidaies was investigated. Swanson and Horridge 2006 Causal relationship between keepsake shopping and four motivational factors in the context of Southwestern United States Beh and Bruyere 2007 Benefits cleavage in the context of Kenya Hsu, Cai, and Wong 2007 A theoretical theoretical account of senior travel motive in the context of China Maoz 2007 Travel motive of Israeli backpackers, investigated in relation to national and cultural features Luo and Deng 2008 Relationship between environmental attitude and nature-based touristry motive Rittichainuwat 2008 Travel motive to a touristry finish, utilizing the disaster-hit beach resort in Phuket as an illustration. Comparison was made between domestic and inward tourers, and between tourers of different ages and genders. Park and Yoon 2009 Benefit cleavage of rural touristry in the context of South Korea Table1. Brief Summary of Studies on Travel Motivation ( Adopted from Cathy H.C. Hsu, Liping A. Cai and Mimi Li, 2009 ) Many research workers from different Fieldss such as from sociology, anthropology, and psychological science have investigated travel motive since many old ages ago ( Cohen, 1972 ; Dann, 1977 ; Crompton, 1979 ; Gnoth, 1997 ) . Maslow s hierarchal theory of motive was one of the most applied in touristry literature ( 1970 ) and it was model as a pyramid whose base consists of the physiological demands, followed by higher degrees of psychological demands and the demand for self-actualization. Numerous touristry bookmans have attempted to modify the theoretical account through empirical observation, with the noteworthy success by Pearce ( 1982 ) , who projected a touristry motive theoretical account that mirrors the theoretical account of Maslow, but free of predominance premise. Carry throughing Prestige Push Seeking Relaxation Factors Sightsing Assortment Deriving Knowledge Events and Activities Pull Adventure Factors History and Culture Easy Access and Affordable A reappraisal of past researches on tourer motive indicates that the analysis of motives based on the two dimensions of push and pull factors have been by and large accepted ( Yuan A ; McDonald, 1990 ; Uysal A ; Hagan, 1993 ) . The construct behind push and pull dimension is that people travel because they are pushed by their ain inner forces and pulled by the outer forces of finish properties. Most of the push factors that are origin-related are intangible or intrinsic desires of the single travellers. Pull factors, frailty versa, are those that emerge because of the attraction of that peculiar finish, as the travellers perceive it. They include touchable resources and travellers perceptual experience and outlook such as benefit outlook, freshness and marketed image of the finish. A research theoretical account is so developing based on this theory at below diagram ( adapted from Baloglu A ; Uysal, 1996 ) . Travel Motivation Crompton ( 1979 ) foremost sought to pull seven socio-psychological, or push motivations such as flight, self-exploratory, relaxation, prestigiousness, arrested development, kinship-enhancement, and societal interaction ) and two cultural, or draw motivations that are novelty and instruction. The conceptual model that he developed would giving impact the choice of a finish, and this attack implies that the finish can hold some grade of influence on holiday behaviour in run intoing an aroused demand. As Crompton s initial empirical attempt, many surveies have attempted to acknowledge push and pull motivational factors in different scenes such as nationalities, finishs and events ( Jang and Wu, 2006 ) . Example integrated Yuan and McDonald s ( 1990 ) survey on motives for abroad travel from four states: Japan, France, West Germany and UK. While Uysal and Jurowski ( 1993 ) studied, the nature and extent of the mutual relationship between push and pull factors of motives for pleasance travel with utilizing informations from the Canadian Tourism Attribute and Motivation Survey. Another survey in Australia examined the nature and utility of the relationship between these two factors of motive by using canonical correlativity analysis ( Oh, H. , M. , A ; Uysal, P. Weaver, 1995 ) . Baloglu and Uysal ( 1996 ) claimed that the construct of merchandise packages is used to mention to the sensed significance of the interaction between push and pull points of motive. This implies that certain grounds for travel may match to certain benefits that are to be valued and obtained at the finish topographic point. Based on the intrinsic and extrinsic motives, as discussed above, the single tourer physiques their perceptual experiences, and the perceptual experiences can be differ from the true properties of the merchandise depending on how the single receives and procedure information ( Gartner, 1993 ; Dann, 1996 ; Baloglu and Brinberg, 1997 ) . A general decision can be drawn that the personal motivations or called push motivations and the position of the features of the touristry finish ( pull motivations ) determine perceptual experiences. These motivations interact in dynamic and germinating context ( Correia, 2000 ) , and the tourer motive is seen as a multidimensional construct that indicates tourist determination ( McCabe, 2000 ) . As touristry paradigm is related to human existences and human nature, it is ever a complex proposition to analyze why people travel and what they want to bask ( Yoon and Uysal, 2005 ) . In most surveies, it is by and large accepted that push and pull motives have been chiefly utilized in surveies of tourer behaviour. The finds and issues doubtless play a usage function in trying to understand a broad different of demands and wants that can drive and act upon tourer behaviour. Nevertheless, Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) said that the consequences and effects of the motive surveies of tourer behaviour need more than an apprehension of their demands and wants. In touristry finish direction, it was by and large agree that maximising travel satisfaction is important for a successful concern. The rating of the physical merchandises of finish every bit good as the psychological reading of a finish merchandise are of import for human actions ( Swan and Comb, 1976 ; Uysal and Noe, 2003 ) , which could be farther represented as a travel satisfaction and finish fidelity. Both constructs can be examined within the context of a touristry system stand foring two major constituents of the market topographic point, viz. , demand ( tourer ) and supply ( touristry attractive forces ) which demand refers to motivations ( push factors ) that sustain tourers desire while lissome relates to finish s features ( pull factors ) ( Jurowski et al. , 1996 ) . Push and pull factors have by and large been characterized to two separate determinations made at two separate period in clip one focussing on whether to travel, the other on where to travel. For case, Dann ( 1981 ) noted that once the trip has been decided upon, where to travel, what to see or what to make ( associating to the specific finishs ) can be tackled and this make a conclude that, analytically, both logically and temporally, push factors precede pull factor . Although these two factors has been viewed as associating to two distinguishable determinations, several research workers have distinguished that they should non be viewed as operating wholly independent of each other s. For illustration, it has suggested that people travel because they are pushed by their ain intrinsic forces and at the same time pulled by the extrinsic forces such as the finish and its properties ( Cha, McCleary, and Uysal 1995 ; Uysal and Jurowskil, 1994 ) . However, Crompton ( 1979 ) argued, push factors may be utile non merely in explicating the initial rousing, stimulating, or push ; to take a holiday, but may besides hold directing potency to direct the tourer toward a peculiar finish ( p.412 ) . Several empirical scrutinies of push and pull factors had been reported in the travel and touristry literature. Of the anterior research that examined the pupils and/or spring interruption travel market ( Butts, F.B. , J. Salazar, K. Sapio, and D. Thomas, 1996 ; Field, 1999 ; Hobson and Josiam, 1992,1996 ; Hsu and Sung, 1996,1997 ; Sirakaya and McLellan, 1997 ) , there have been no probes of push forces and merely a smattering of efforts to analyze the pull factors act uponing pupils finish pick determination. In another survey, conducted by Hobson and Josiam ( 1992 ) , pupils were asked to name their primary ground for taking a spring interruption finish and most responses referred to the influence of friends and/or household populating near or traveling to the finish, other grounds referred to destination-related properties such as the finish holding s spring interruption party repute, warm conditions, low-cost pricing, quiet environment, good skiing, or good beaches.

Use This Outline For Studying Essay Writing

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Summery and context description of All the Kings Men Robert Penn Warren

Summery and context description of All the Kings Men Robert Penn Warren Robert Penn Warren was one of the twentieth century's outstanding men of letters. He found great success as a novelist, a poet, a critic, and a scholar, and enjoyed a career showered with acclaim. He won two Pulitzer Prizes, was Poet Laureate of the United States, and was presented with a Congressional Medal of Freedom. He founded the Southern Review and was an important contributor to the New Criticism of 1930s and '40s. Born in 1905, Warren showed his exceptional intelligence from an early age; he attended college at Vanderbilt University, where he befriended some of the most important contemporary figures in Southern literature, including Allan Tate and John Crowe Ransom, and where he won a Rhodes Scholarship to study at Oxford University in England.During a stay in Italy, Warren wrote a verse drama called Proud Flesh, which dealt with themes of political power and moral corruption. As a professor at Louisiana State University, Warren had observed the rise of Louisiana political b oss Huey Long, who embodied, in many ways, the ideas Warren tried to work into Proud Flesh.Signature of Robert Penn Warren from the Signed Li...Unsatisfied with the result, Warren began to rework his elaborate drama into a novel, set in the contemporary South, and based in part on the person of Huey Long. The result was All the King's Men, Warren's best and most acclaimed book. First published in 1946, All the King's Men is one of the best literary documents dealing with the American South during the Great Depression. The novel won the Pulitzer Prize, and was adapted into a movie that won an Academy Award in 1949.All the King's Men focuses on the lives of Willie Stark, an upstart farm boy who rises through sheer force of will to become Governor of an unnamed Southern state during the 1930s, and Jack Burden, the novel's narrator, a cynical scion of the state's political aristocracy who uses his abilities as a historical researcher to help Willie blackmail and control his enemies. The novel deals with the large question of the responsibility individuals bear for their actions within the turmoil of history, and it is perhaps appropriate that the impetus of the novel's story comes partly from real historical occurrences. Jack Burden is entirely a creation of Robert Penn Warren, but there are a number of important parallels between Willie Stark and Huey Long, who served Louisiana as both Governor and Senator from 1928 until his death in 1935.Like Huey Long, Willie Stark is an uneducated farm boy who passed the state bar exam; like Huey Long, he rises to political power in his state by instituting liberal reform designed to help the state's poor farmers. And like Huey Long, Willie is assassinated at the peak of his power by a doctorDr. Adam Stanton in Willie's case, Dr. Carl A. Weiss in Long's. (Unlike Willie, however, Long was assassinated after becoming a Senator, and was in fact in the middle of challenging Franklin D. Roosevelt for the Presidential nomination of the Democratic Party.)SummaryAll the King's Men is the story of the rise and fall of a political titan in the Deep South during the 1930s. Willie Stark rises from hardscrabble poverty to become governor of his state and its most powerful political figure; he blackmails and bullies his enemies into submission, and institutes a radical series of liberal reforms designed to tax the rich and ease the burden of the state's poor farmers. He is beset with enemiesmost notably Sam MacMurfee, a defeated former governor who constantly searches for ways to undermine Willie's powerand surrounded by a rough mix of political allies and hired thugs, from the bodyguard Sugar-Boy O'Sheean to the fat, obsequious Tiny Duffy.All the King's Men is also the story of Jack Burden, the scion of one of the state's aristocratic dynasties, who turns his back on his genteel upbringing and becomes Willie Stark's right-hand man. Jack uses his considerable talents as a historical researcher to dig up the unpleasan t secrets of Willie's enemies, which are then used for purposes of blackmail. Cynical and lacking in ambition, Jack has walked away from many of his past interestshe left his dissertation in American History unfinished, and never managed to marry his first love, Anne Stanton, the daughter of a former governor of the state.When Willie asks Jack to look for skeletons in the closet of Judge Irwin, a father figure from Jack's childhood, Jack is forced to confront his ideas concerning consequence, responsibility, and motivation. He discovers that Judge Irwin accepted a bribe, and that Governor Stanton covered it up; the resulting blackmail attempt leads to Judge Irwin's suicide. It also leads to Adam Stanton's decision to accept the position of director of the new hospital Willie is building, and leads Anne to begin an affair with Willie. When Adam learns of the affair, he murders Willie in a rage, and Jack leaves politics forever.Willie's death and the circumstances in which it occurs f orce Jack to rethink his desperate belief that no individual can ever be responsible for the consequences of any action within the chaos and tumult of history and time. Jack marries Anne Stanton and begins working on a book about Cass Mastern, the man whose papers he had once tried to use as the source for his failed dissertation in American History.